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Chronobiology International
The Journal of Biological and Medical Rhythm Research
Volume 32, 2015 - Issue 5
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Specific role of dietary fat in modifying cardiovascular and locomotor activity 24-h rhythms

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Pages 668-676 | Received 10 Dec 2014, Accepted 18 Mar 2015, Published online: 02 Jun 2015
 

Abstract

Meal-fed conscious rabbits normally exhibit postprandial elevation in blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity, which is abolished by consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, we assessed whether the cardiovascular changes are attributable to the increased caloric intake due to greater fat content or to hyperphagia. Rabbits were meal-fed during the baseline period then maintained on either an ad libitum normal fat diet (NFD) or ad libitum HFD for 2 weeks. Blood pressure, HR and locomotor activity were measured daily by radio-telemetry alongside food intake and body weight. Caloric intake in rabbits given a NFD ad libitum rose 50% from baseline but there were no changes in cardiovascular parameters. By contrast, HR increased by 10% on the first day of the ad libitum HFD (p < 0.001) prior to any change in body weight while blood pressure increased 7% after 4 d (p < 0.01) and remained elevated. Baseline 24-h patterns of blood pressure and HR were closely associated with mealtime, characterised by afternoon peaks and morning troughs. When the NFD was changed from meal-fed to ad libitum, blood pressure and HR did not change but afternoon activity levels decreased (p < 0.05). By contrast, after 13 d ad libitum HFD, morning HR, blood pressure and activity increased by 20%, 8% and 71%, respectively. Increased caloric intake specifically from fat, but not as a result of hyperphagia, appears to directly modulate cardiovascular homeostasis and circadian patterns, independent of white adipose tissue accumulation.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

The study was supported by National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia project grant 526618, NHMRC Fellowship award 367631 (G. A. H.) and National Heart Foundation Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship PF 06 M 2766 (J. A. A.). The study was supported in part by the Victorian Government’s Operational Infrastructure Support Program. There are no conflicts of interest.

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