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Abstract
The clonal immunoglobulin molecule, idiotype (ID), expressed on the surface of B-cell malignancies can function as a tumor-specific antigen. BiovaxIDTM is a patient-specific therapeutic cancer vaccine composed of the tumor idiotype conjugated to a carrier protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). In a Phase II clinical trial, administration of ID–KLH vaccine together with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to follicular lymphoma patients in complete remission induced tumor-specific cellular and humoral immunity and molecular remissions, and was associated with prolonged disease-free survival. A randomized, double-blind, Phase III clinical trial is ongoing to definitively determine the clinical benefit of BiovaxID plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor vaccination in patients with follicular lymphoma.