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Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Volume 4, 2004 - Issue 3
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Perspective

Adult T-cell leukemia: future prophylaxis and immunotherapy

Mari Kannagi Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Department of Immunotherapeutics, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. [email protected]
,
Nanae Harashima Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Immunotherapeutics, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
,
Kiyoshi Kurihara Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Immunotherapeutics, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
,
Atae Utsunomiya Imamura Bun-in Hospital, Department of Hematology, Kagoshima, Japan
,
Ryuji Tanosaki National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
&
Masato Masuda University of the Ryukyus, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Okinawa, Japan
Pages 369-376 | Published online: 10 Jan 2014
 
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Abstract

A small population of human T-cell leukemia virus Type I (HTLV-I) carriers develop adult T-cell leukemia after a long incubation period. The results of a series of experiments using animal models suggest that insufficiency of HTLV-I-specific T-cell response induced by vertical HTLV-I infection allows enlargement of the HTLV-I-infected cell reservoir in vivo, a crucial risk factor of adult T-cell leukemia. In this review it is proposed that prophylactic Tax-targeted vaccines for the high-risk group of adult T-cell leukemia, which is characterized by low HTLV-I-specific T-cell response and high proviral load, can reduce the risk. Immunological studies on adult T-cell leukemia patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation also suggest that Tax-targeted immunotherapy may be effective against full-blown disease, although its indication may be limited.

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