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Orbit
The International Journal on Orbital Disorders, Oculoplastic and Lacrimal Surgery
Volume 21, 2002 - Issue 4
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Research Article

A review of the outcome of upper lid lowering for eyelid retraction and complications of spacers at a single unit over five years

S. Fenton Fenton Department of Oculoplastics, Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K.
&
E.G. Kemp Department of Oculoplastics, Tennent Institute of Ophthalmology, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K.
Pages 289-294 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

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  • Char DH. Thyroid Eye Disease. 2nd. ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1990; 159–169.
  • Uceelo G, Vassallo P, Strianese D, Bonavolanta G. Free levator complex recession in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Orbit. 1994;13: 119–123.
  • Mounts MP, Sasim IV. A single technique to correct various degrees of upper lid retraction in patients with Graves' orbitopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83:61–84.
  • Downes RN, Jordan K. The surgical management of dysthyroid related eyelid retraction using mersilene mesh. Eye. 1989;3:385–390.
  • Harvey JT, Anderson RL. The aponeurotic approach to eyelid retraction. Ophthalmology. 1981;88: 513–524.
  • Mounts MP, Koornneef L. Lid lengthening by sclera interposition for eyelid retraction in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Br J Ophthalmol. 1991;75:344–347.

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