Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section – a cross-sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden

References

• Areskog B, Uddenberg N, Kjessler B. Experience of women with and without antenatal fear of childbirth. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1983; 16: 1–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryding EL, Wijma K, Wijma B, Rydhström H. Fear of childbirth during pregnancy may increase the risk of emergency cesarean section. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998; 77: 542–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson L, Sundstrom-Poromaa I, Bixo M, Wulff M, Bondestam K, Strom M. Point prevalence of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 189: 148–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glover V, O'Connor TG. Effects of antenatal stress and anxiety: implications for development and psychiatry. Br J Psychiatry. 2002; 180: 389–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ: a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 19: 84–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjögren B. Fear of childbirth and psychosomatic support. A follow-up of 72 women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998; 77: 819–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi J-E, Könönen T, Halmesmäki E. A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 98: 820–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saisto T, Halmesmäki E. Fear of childbirth can be treated, and cesarean section on maternal request avoided. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007; 86: 1148–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vladic Stjernholm Y. Increased number of caesarean sections without medical indications – in spite of the risks. Lakartidningen. 2007; 104: 942–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wiklund I, Edman G, Ryding EL, Andolf E. Expectations and experiences of childbirth in primiparae with caesarean section. BJOG. 2007; 115: 324–31
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldenström U, Hildingsson I, Ryding EL. Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. BJOG. 2006; 113: 638–46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zar M, Wijma K, Wijma B. Pre- and postpartum fear of childbirth in nulliparous and parous women. Scand J Beh Therapy. 2002; 30: 75–84
   Google Scholar
• Zar M, Wijma K, Wijma B. Relation between anxiety disorders and fear of childbirth during late pregnancy. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2002; 9: 122–30
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C. Danish National Birth Cohort. Fear of childbirth and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG. 2008; 115: 354–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson RC, Slade P. Does fear of childbirth during pregnancy predict emergency caesarean section?. BJOG. 2002; 109: 1213–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryding EL, Persson Å, Onell C, Kvist L. An evaluation of midwives’ counselling of pregnant women in fear of childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003; 82: 10–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saisto T, Ylikorkala O, Halmesmäki E. Factors associated with fear of childbirth in second pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 94: 679–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryding EL, Wirfelt E, Wängborg I-B, Sjögren B, Edman G. Personality and fear of childbirth. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007; 86: 114–20
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryding EL, Wijma K, Wijma B. Psychological impact of emergency cesarean section in comparison with elective cesarean section, instrumental, and normal vaginal delivery. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 19: 135–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayers S, Joseph S, McKenzie-McHarg K, Slade P, Wijma K. Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: current issues and recommendations for future research. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2008; 28: 1–11
   Google Scholar
• Hildingsson I, Rådesta I, Rubertsson C, Waldenström U. Few women wish to be delivered by caesarean. BJOG. 2002; 109: 618–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Official Statistics of Sweden: Graviditeter. förlossningar och nyfödda barn Medicinska födelseregistret 1973–2006. [Pregnancies,deliveries and newborn infants. The Medical Birth Register 1973–2006], 2008. ISBN: 978-91-85999-39-2. Available online at:, http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/NR/rdonlyres/70A20A7A-F6A9-45DE-97FC-7BF15BFE299C/12347/2008425_rev2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Lavender T, Hofmeyr GJ, Neilson JP, Kingdon C, Gyte GM. Caesarean section for non-medical reasons at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006; 3: CD004660
   Google Scholar
• Wiklund I, Edman G, Larsson C, Andolf E. Personality and mode of delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006; 85: 1225–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heimstad R, Dahloe R, Laache I, Skogvoll E, Schei B. Fear of childbirth and history of abuse: implications for pregnancy and delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006; 85: 435–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson L, Sundström-Poromaa I, Bixo M, Wulff M, Bondestam K, Åström M. Point prevalence of psychiatric disorders during the second trimester of pregnancy: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 189: 148–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar