Hearing impairment associated with spinal anesthesia

References

• Sundberg A, Wang LP, Fog J. Influence on hearing of 22 G Whitacre and 22 G Quincke needles. Anaesthesia 1992; 47: 981–3.
   Google Scholar
• Panning B, Mehler D, Lehnhardt E. Transient low-frequency hypoacousia after spinal anesthesia. Lancet 1983; ii: 582.
   Google Scholar
• Lamberg T, Pitkanen MT, Martilla T. Hearing loss after continuous or single-shot spinal anesthesia. Reg Anesth 1997; 22: 539–42.
   Google Scholar
• Stoeckli SJ, Bohmer A. Persistent bilateral hearing loss after shunt placement for hydrocephalus. Case report. J Neurosurg 1999; 90: 773–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang LP, Fog J, Bove M. Transient hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 1987; 42: 1258–63.
   Google Scholar
• Fog J, Wang LP, Sundberg A, Mucchiano C. Hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia is related to needle size. Anesth Ana1g 1990; 70: 517–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart JR, Whitacre RJ. Pencil-point needle in prevention of postspinal headache. J Am Med Assoc 1951; 147: 657–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serpell MG, Gray WM. Flow dynamics through spinal needles. Anaesthesia 1997; 52: 229–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willbrand HF, Rask-Andersen H, Gilstring D. The vestibular aqueduct and paravestibular canal: an ana-tomic and radiologic investigation. Acta Radiol 1974; 15: 337–55.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackler RK, Hwang PH. Enlargement of the cochlear aqueduct: fact or fiction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993; 109: 14–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vandam LD, Dripps RD. Long-term follow-up of patients who received 10.098 spinal anaesthetics. JAMA 1956; 161: 586–91.
   Google Scholar
• Arnvig J. Transitory decrease of hearing after lumbar puncture. A personal experience which throws some light on the function of the aqueduct of the cochlea. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1963; 56: 699–705.
   Google Scholar
• Finegold H, Mandell G, Vallejo M, Ramanathan S. Does spinal anesthesia cause hearing loss in the obstetric population. Anesth Ana1g 2002; 95(1): 198–203.
   Google Scholar
• Walsted A, Salomon G, Olsen KS. Low-frequency hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia. Perilymphatic hypotonia. Scand Audiol 1991; 20: 211–5.
   Google Scholar
• Naessens M, Kuhweide R, Ampe W, Depondt M, D'Hont G. Hearing loss following lumbar puncture: case report and literature study. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Be1g 1994; 48: 351–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lybecker H, Andersen T. Repetitive hearing loss follow-ing dural puncture treated with autologous epidural blood patch. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1995; 39: 987–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilickan L, Gurkan Y, Ozkarakas H. Permanent sensorineural hearing loss following spinal anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2002; 46: 1155–7.
   Google Scholar
• Wang LP. Sudden bilateral hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia. A case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1986; 30: 412–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michel O, Brusis T. Hearing loss as a sequel of lumbar puncture. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1992; 101: 390–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gultekin S, Ozcan S. Does hearing loss after spinal anaesthesia differ between young and elderly patients? Anesth Ana1g 2002; 94: 1318–20.
   Google Scholar
• Wlodyka J. Studies of cochlear aqueduct patency. Ann Otorhinolaryngol 1978; 87: 22–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant MG, Weiss KS, Novak MA, Tobin WD. Tran-sient hearing loss with metrizamide. Laryngoscope 1985; 95: 67–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoehmann D, Dornhoffer JL, Schwager K. Influence of myelography on the developmental curve of auditory brainstem responses and hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhi-nolaryngol 1995; 252: 97–101.
   Google Scholar
• Carlborg IR, Farmer JS. Transmission of the cerebrosp-inal pressure via the cochlear aqueduct and endolym-phatic sac. Am J Otolaryngol 1983; 4: 273–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchbanks RJ, Reid A. Cochlear and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Their inter-relationship and control mechanisms. Br J Audiol 1990; 24: 179–87.
   Google Scholar
• Schaffartzik W, Hirsch J, Frickmann F, Kuchly P, Ernts A. Hearing loss after spinal and general anesthesia: A comparative study. Anesth Ana1g 2000; 91(6): 1466–72.
   Google Scholar
• Oncel S, Hasegeli L, Uguz MZ, Savaci S, ()nal K, Oyman S. The effects of epidural anaesthesia and size of spinal needle on post-operative hearing loss. J Laryngol Otol 1992; 106: 783–7.
   Google Scholar
• Ready LB, Cuplin S, Haschke RH, Nessly M. Spinal needle determinants of rate of transdural fluid leak. Anesth Ana1g 1989; 69: 457–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malhotra SK, Joshi M, Grover S, Sharma SC, Dutta A. Auditory function spinal analgesia. Comparison of two spinal needles. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2002; 19: 69–72.
   Google Scholar