53
Views
54
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Heavy Snorer's Disease: A Progressive Local Neuropathy

Pages 925-933 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Lugaresi E, Mondini S, Zucconi M, Montagna P, Cirignotta F. Staging of heavy snorers' disease. A proposal. Bull Euro Physiopathol Respir 1983; 19: 590–4.
  • Svanborg E, Larsson H. Natural evolution of obstruc-tive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 1993; 16: S124–5.
  • Pendlebury ST, Pepin JL, Veale D, Levy P. Natural evolution of moderate sleep apnoea syndrome: signifi-cant progression over a mean of 17 months. Thorax 1997; 52: 872–8.
  • Larsson H, Carlsson-Nordlander B, Svanborg E. Four-year follow-up after UPPP in 50 unselected patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Laryngoscope 1994; 104: 1362–8.
  • Friberg D, Carlsson-Nordlander B, Larsson H, Svan-borg E. UPPP for habitual snoring: a 5-year follow-up with respiratory sleep recordings. Laryngoscope 1995; 105: 519–22.
  • Sforza E, Addati G, Cirignotta F, Lugaresi E. Natural evolution of sleep apnoea syndrome: a five year longi-tudinal study. Eur Respir J 1994; 7: 1765–70.
  • Lindberg E, Elmasry A, Gislason et al. Evolution of sleep apnea syndrome in sleepy snorers: a population-based prospective study. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1999; 159: 2024–7.
  • Svanborg E, Larsson H. Development of nocturnal respiratory disturbance in untreated patients with ob-structive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 1993; 104: 340–3.
  • Larsson H, Carlsson-Nordlander B, Svanborg E. Long-time follow-up after UPPP for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Results of sleep apnea recordings and subjective evaluation 6 months and 2 years after surgery. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1991; 111: 582–90.
  • Larsson H, Carlsson-Nordlander B, Lindblad LE, Nor-beck O, Svanborg E. Temperature thresholds in the oropharynx of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 1246–9.
  • Edström L, Larsson H, Larsson L. Neurogenic effects on the palatopharyngeal muscle in patients with ob-structive sleep apnoea: a muscle biopsy study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 1992; 55: 916–20.
  • Friberg D, Gazelius B, Hökfelt T, Nordlander B. Ab-normal afferent nerve endings in the soft palatal mu-cosa of sleep apnoics. Regulatory Peptides 1997; 71: 29–36.
  • Friberg D, Ansved T, Borg K, Larsson H, Nordlander B, Svanborg E. Histological indications of a progres-sive snorers disease in an upper airway muscle. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1998; 157: 586–93.
  • Friberg D, Gazelius B, Lindblad LE, Nordlander B. Habitual snorers and sleep apnoics have abnormal vascular reactions of the soft palatal mucosa on affer-ent nerve stimulation. Laryngoscope 1998; 108: 431–6.
  • Remmers JE, deGroot WJ, Sauerland EK, Anch AM. Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep. J Appl Physiol 1978; 44: 931–8.
  • Mathew OP, Abu-Osba YK, Thach BT. Genioglossus muscle responses to upper airway pressure changes: afferent pathways. J Appl Physiol 1982; 52: 445–50.
  • Homer RL, Innes JA, Holden HB, Guz A. Afferent pathway(s) for pharyngeal dilator reflex to negative pressure in man: a study using upper airway anaesthe-sia. J Physiol 1991; 436: 31–44.
  • McNicholas WT, Coffey M, McDonnell T, O'Regan R, Fitzgerald MX. Upper airway obstruction during sleep in normal subjects after selective topical oropha-ryngeal anesthesia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135: 1316–9.
  • Zohar Y, Schwartz A, Sabo R, Gal R, Strauss M, Oksenberg A. Oropharyngeal fatty infiltration in ob-structive sleep apnea patients. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryn-gol 1998; 107: 170–4.
  • Guilleminault C. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. A review. Psych Clin N Am 1987; 10: 607–21.
  • Suratt PM, Dee P, Atkinson RL, Armstrong P, Wilhoit SC. Fluoroscopic and computed tomographic features of the pharyngeal airway in obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 127: 487–92.
  • Hudgel DW. Variable site of airway narrowing among obstructive sleep apnea patients. J Appl Physiol 1986; 61: 1403–9.
  • Young T, Finn L, Kim H. Nasal obstruction as a risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing. The University of Wisconsin Sleep and Respiratory Research Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 99: S757–62.
  • Mathew OP, Remmers JE. Respiratory function of the upper airway. In: Saunders NA, Sullivan CE, eds. Sleep and breathing. New York: Marcel Decker, 1984: 163–200.
  • Gleadhill IC, Schwartz AR, Schubert N, Wise RA, Permutt S, Smith PL. Upper airway collapsibility in snorers and in patients with obstructive hypopnea and apnea. Am Rev Resp Dis 1991; 143: 1300–3.
  • Suratt PM, Wilhoit SC, Atkinson RL. Elevated pulse flow resistance in awake obese subjects with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1983; 127: 162–5.
  • Wasicko MJ, Leiter JC, Erlichman JS, Strobel RJ, Bartlett D Jr. Nasal and pharyngeal resistance after topical mucosal vasoconstriction in normal humans. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 1048–52.
  • Sekosan M, Zakkar M, Wenig BL, Olopado CO, Ru-binstein I. Inflammation in the uvula mucosa of pa-tients with obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope 1996; 106: 1018–20.
  • Woodson BT, Garancis JC, Toohill RJ. Histopatho-logic changes in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Laryngoscope 1991; 101: 1318–22.
  • Widdicombe J, SantAmbrogio G, Mathew OP. Nerve receptors of the upper airway. In: Mathew OP, San-tAmbrogio G, eds. Respiratory function of the upper airway. New York: Dekker, 1988: 193–231.
  • Chadwick GA, Crowley P, Fitzgerald MX, O'Regan RG, McNicholas WT. Obstructive sleep apnea follow-ing topical oropharyngeal anesthesia in loud snorers. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 810–3.
  • Berry RB, Kouchi KG, Bower JL, Light RW. Effect of upper airway anesthesia on obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 1857–61.
  • Hermansson A, Dalsgaard CJ, Björklund H, Lindblom U. Sensory reinnervation and sensibility after superfi-cial skin wounds in human patients. Neurosci Lett 1987; 74: 377–82.
  • Carpenter S, Karpati G. Pathology of Skeletal Muscle. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1984: 460–70.
  • Karpati G, Engel WK. Type grouping" in skeletal muscles after experimental reinnervation. Neurology 1968; 18: 447–55.
  • Gutmann L. Neurogenic muscle hypertrophy. Muscle & Nerve: AAEM minimonograph #46 1996; 19: 811–8.
  • Lundborg G. Pain, nerve dysfunction and fatigue in a vibration-exposed population. Qual Life Res 1994; 3: S39–42.
  • Ekenvall L, Nilsson BY, Gustavsson P. Temperature and vibration thresholds in vibration syndrome. Br J Ind Med 1986; 43: 825–9.
  • Takeuchi T, Futatsuka M, Imanishi H, Yamada S. Pathological changes observed in the inger biopsy of patients with vibration-induced white finger. Scand J Work Envir Health 1986; 12: 280–3.
  • Goldsmith PC, Molina FA, Bunker CB, et al. Cuta-neous nerve fibre depletion in vibration white finger. J Royal Soc Med 1994; 87: 377–81.
  • Schafer J. How can one recognize a velum snorer? Laryngo Rhino Otologie 1989; 68: 290–4. [In German].
  • Henke KG, Sullivan CE. Effects of high-frequency oscillating pressures on upper airway muscles in hu-mans. J Appl Physiol 1993; 75: 856–62.
  • Smirne S, Iannaccone S, Ferini-Strambi L, Comola M, Colombo E, Nemni R. Muscle fibre type and habitual snoring. Lancet 1991; 337: 597–9.
  • Sériès F, Cöté C, Simoneau JA, et al. Physiologic, metabolic, and muscle fiber type characteristics of mus-culus uvulae in sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome and in snorers. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 20–5.
  • Gazelius B, Edwall B, Olgart L, Lundberg JM, Hokfelt T, Fischer JA. Vasodilatory effects and coexistence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P in sensory nerves of cat dental pulp. Acta Physiol Scand 1987; 130: 33–40.
  • Heyeraas KJ, Kim S, Raab WH, Byers MR, Liu M. Effect of electrical tooth stimulation on blood flow, interstitial fluid pressure and substance P and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the low compliant cat dental pulp. Microvasc Res 1994; 47: 329–43.
  • Hauser-Kronberger C, Hacker GW, Kummer W, Al-begger K. Regulatory peptides in the human soft palate. Eur Arch Oto Rhino Laryngol 1995; 252: 478–84.
  • Friberg D, Gazelius B. Evaluation of the vascular reaction in pharyngeal mucosa. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1998; 118: 413–8.
  • Torebj6rk HE. Nociceptor dynamics in humans. In: Gebhart GF, Hammond DL, Jensen TS, eds. Proc 7th World Congress on Pain. Vol 2, Progress in Pain Research and Management. Seattle: IASP Press, 1994: 277 — 84.
  • Liu PY, Bondesson L, Löntz W, Johansson O. The occurrence of cutaneous nerve endings and neuropeptides in vitiligo vulgaris: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol Res 1996; 288: 670–5.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.