References
- Roos K. Acute streptococcal tonsillitis in children over the age of 10 and in adults with special reference to treatment failure [thesis]. Medical Faculty, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, 1985.
- Stjernquist-Desatnik A, Prellner K, Christensen P. Clinical and laboratory findings in patients with acute tonsillitis. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1987; 104: 351–9.
- Beachey EH, Giampapa CS, Abraham SN. Bacterial adherence. Adhesin receptor-mediated attachment of pathogenic bacteria to mucosal surfaces. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138: 45–8.
- Lilja M, Raisdnen S, Stenfors L-E. Initial events in the pathogenesis of acute tonsillitis caused by Streptococ-cus pyogenes. Int .1 Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 1998; 45: 15–20.
- Gibbons R. Bacterial adherence to oral tissues: a model for infectious diseases. J Dent Res 1989; 68: 750–60.
- Beachey E, Courtney H. Bacterial adherence: the at-tachment of group A streptococci to mucosal surfaces. Rev Infect Dis ; 9 Suppl 1987; 5: 475–81.
- Svanborg C, Hedlund M, Connell H, et al. Bacterial adherence and mucosal cytokine responses. Receptors and transmembrane signaling. Ann NY Acad Sci 1996; 797: 177–90.
- Pancholi V, Fischetti VA. Regulation of the phospho-rylation of the human pharyngeal cell proteins by group A streptococcal surface dehydrogenase: signal transduction between streptococci and pharyngeal cells. J Exp Med 1997; 186: 1633–43.
- LaPenta D, Rubens C, Chi E, Cleary PP. Group A streptococci efficiently invade human respiratory ep-ithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 12115–9.
- Österlund A, Engstrand L. Intracellular penetration and survival of Streptococcus pyogenes in respiratory epithelial cells in vitro. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1995; 115: 685–8.
- Hoepelman A, Tuomanen E. Consequences of micro-bial attachment: directing host cell functions with ad-hesins. Infect Immunol 1992; 60: 1729–33.
- Courtney HS, Ofek I, Hasty DL. M protein mediated adhesion of M type 24 Streptococcus pyogenes stimu-lates release of interleukin-6 by Hep-2 tissue culture cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1997; 151: 65–70.
- Brandtzaeg P. Immunobarriers of the mucosa of the upper respiratory and digestive pathways. Acta Otolar-yngol (Stockh) 1988; 105: 172–80.
- Lamm ME. Interaction of antigens and antibodies at mucosal surfaces. Ann Rev Microbiol 1997; 51: 311–40.
- Fredriksen F, Myklebust R, Olsen R, Räisdnen S, Stenfors L-E. In situ localization of Streptococcus pyo-genes during acute tonsillitis: an immunocytochemical study with gold markers. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1996; 116: 892–5.
- Geuze HJ, Slot JW, van der Lay P, Scheffer RCT. Use of colloical gold particles in double labelling immu-noelectron microscopy of ultrathin tissue sections. J Cell Biol 1981; 89: 653–65.
- Korsrud FR, Brandtzaeg P. Characterization of epithe-lial elements in human major salivary glands by func-tional markers: localization of amylase, lysozyme, secretory component, and secretory immunoglobulins by paired immunofluorescence staining. J Histochem Cytochem 1982; 30: 657–66.
- Korsrud FR, Brandtzaeg P. Immunohistochemical evaluation of J-chain expression by intra- and extra-follicular immuno-globulin-producing human tonsillar cells. Scand J Immunol 1981; 13: 271–80.
- Korsrud FR, Brandtzaeg P. Immune systems of human nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils: histomorphome-try of lymphoid components and quantification of im-munoglobulin-producing cells in health and disease. Chin Exp Immunol 1980; 39: 361–70.
- Mostow KE. Transepithelial transport of immunoglob-ulins. Ann Rev Immunol 1994; 12: 63–84.
- Brandtzaeg P, Jahnsen FL, Farstad IN. Immune func-tions and immunopathology of the mucosa of the upper respiratory pathways. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1996; 116: 149–59.
- Fluckiger U, Jones KF, Fischetti VA. Immunoglobu-lins to group A streptococcal surface molecules de-crease adherence to and invasion of human pharyngeal cells. Infect Immunol 1998; 66: 974–9.
- Lilja M, Myklebust R, Raisanen S, Stenfors L-E. Selec-tive attachment of fl-haemolytic streptococci group A to oropharyngeal epithelium in health and disease. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1997; 117: 744–9.
- Kuhn JJ, Brook I, Waters CL, Preston Church LW, Bianchi DA, Thompson DH. Quantitative bacteriology of tonsils removed from children with tonsillitis hyper-trophy and recurrent tonsillitis with and without hyper-trophy. Ann Rhinol Laryngol 1995; 104: 646–52.
- Roos K, Grahn E, Holm SE. Interfering alpha-strepto-cocci as a protection against recurrent streptococcal tonsillitis in children. Int J Ped Otorhinolaryngol 1993; 25: 141–8.