Advanced search
Publication Cover
The American Statistician Volume 78, 2024 - Issue 2
Submit an article Journal homepage
232
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Statistical Practice

The Application of the Likelihood Ratio Test and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test to Discrimination Cases

Weiwen Miaoa Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Haverford College, Haverford, PACorrespondence[email protected]
&
Joseph L. Gastwirthb Department of Statistics, George Washington University, WashingtonDC
Pages 253-263 | Received 13 Dec 2022, Accepted 13 Sep 2023, Published online: 20 Oct 2023

References

  • Breslow, N. E., and Day, N. E. (1980), Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol I: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies, Lyon: IARC.
  • DerSimonian, R., and Laird, N. (1986), “Meta-Analysis in Clinical Trials,” Controlled Clinical Trials, 7, 177–188. DOI: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2.
  • Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Available at https://www.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/cv/_rules/_eff./_dec./_1/_2018/_0.pdf.
  • Fleiss, J. L. (1981), Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions (2nd ed.), New York: Wiley.
  • Hollander, M., Wolfe, D. A., and Chicken, E. (2014), Nonparemetric Statistical Methods (3rd ed.), New York: Wiley.
  • Klonoff, R. H. (2018), “Application of the New “Proportionality” Discovery Rule in Class Actions: Much Ado about Nothing,” Vanderbilt Law Review, 71, 1949–1991.
  • Gastwirth, J. L. (1988), Statistical Reasoning in Law and Public Policy (Vol I), New York: Academic Press.
  • ———(2017), “Some Recurrent Problems in Interpreting Statistical Evidence in Equal Employment Cases,” Law, Probability and Risk, 16, 181–201. (Special issue in honor of Prof. S. E. Fienberg, edited by Prof. J. Mortera).
  • Gastwirth, J. L., and Greenhouse, S. W. (1987), “Estimating a Common Relative Risk: Application in Equal Employment,” Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82, 38–45. DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1987.10478388.
  • Gastwirth, J. L., Bura, E., and Miao, W. (2011), “Some Important Statistical Issues Courts Should Consider in their Assessment of Statistical Analyses Submitted in Class Certification Motions: Implications for Dukes v. Wal-mart,” Law, Probability and Risk, 10, 225–263. DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgr009.
  • Gastwirth, J. L., Miao, W., and Pan, Q. (2017), “Statistical Issues Arising in the Kerner v. Denver: A Class Action Disparate Impact Case,” Law, Probability and Risk, 16, 35–53. DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgw011.
  • Lazarus, R. J. (2010), “Discovery Prior to Class Certification,” MEALEY’S LITIGATION REPORT: Class Actions, 9, 21. Available at https://www.gibsondunn.com/wp-content/uploads/documents/publications/Lazarus-DiscoveryPriorToClassCertification.pdf
  • Lewis, K. M., and Freeman, W. C. (2018), “Class Action Lawsuits: A Legal Overview for Congress,” Congressional Research Service, Report R45159.
  • Mantel, B., and Haenszel, W. (1959), “Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data from Retrospective Studies of Disease,” Journal of National Cancer Institute, 22, 719–748.
  • Miao, W., and Gastwirth, J. L. (2016), “Statistical Issues Arising in Class Action Cases: A Reanalysis of the Statistical Evidence in Dukes v. Wal-Mart II,” Law, Probability and Risk, 15, 155–174. DOI: 10.1093/lpr/mgw003.
  • Moore, D. S., McCabe, G. P., and Craig, B.A. (2021), Introduction to the Practice of Statistics (10th ed.), New York: Macmillan Learning.
  • Oluyede, B. O. (1994), “Tests for Equality of Several Binomial Populations against an Order Restricted Alternative and Model Selection for One-Dimensional Multinomials,” Biometrical Journal, 36, 17–32. DOI: 10.1002/bimj.4710360104.
  • Rice, J. A. (2007), Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis (3rd ed.), Belmont, CA: Duxbury.
  • Radhakrishna, S. (1965), “Combination of Results from Several 2*2 Tables,” Biometrics, 21, 86–98. DOI: 10.2307/2528354.
  • Tang, D.I., Gnecco, C., and Geller, N. L. (1989), “An Approximate Likelihood Ratio Test for a Normal Mean Vector with Negative Component with Application to Clinical Trials,” Biometrika, 76, 577–583. DOI: 10.1093/biomet/76.3.577.
  • Tarone, R. E. (1985), “On Heterogeneity Tests Based on Efficient Scores,” Biometrika, 72, 91–95. DOI: 10.1093/biomet/72.1.91.
  • Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures. Available at http://www.uniformguidelines.com/questionandanswers.html.

Cases Cited

  • Allen v. Prince George’s County MD, 538 F.Supp. 833 (1982), affirmed 737 F.2d 1299 (4th Cir. 1984).
  • Aspley v. Boeing Co., 722 F. Supp. 2d 1218; 2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 65837; 691 F.3d 1184 (2012).
  • Cahill et al. v. Nike, Inc, No. 3:18-cv-1477-JR (2022).
  • Chen-Oster v. Goldman Sachs Inc. Case No. 10-6950 (S.D. NY, settled in 2023)Davis v. Dallas, 487 F. Supp. 389.
  • Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 964 F. Supp. 2d 1115; 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 109106 (N.D. Cal., 2 August 2013) and 2013 U.S. App. LEXIS 23703 (9th Cir. Cal., 18 November 2013) (not allowing a discretionary appeal).
  • Eldredge v. Carpenters 46 N. Cal. Counties Joint Apprenticeship & Training Comm., 833 F.2d 1334, 1339-40, footnote 7.
  • Kerner v. City & County of Denver, 2015 U.S. Dist. Lexis 131153; 2016 U.S. Dist. Lexis 88667.
  • McReynolds vs. Sodexho, Marriott, Int’l, 349 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2004).
  • Olean Wholesale Grocery Coop., Inc. v. Bumble Bee Foods LLC, 31 F.4th 651, 667 (9th Cir. 2022) (en banc).
  • Paige v. California, 291 F.3d 1141, 1148-1149.
  • Sears Roebuck v. EEOC, 839 F.2d 302.
  • Suchanek v. Sturm Foods, Inc., 764 F.3d 750, 755-(7th Cir. 2014).
  • Wal-mart Stores Inc. v. Dukes, 131 S. Ct. 2541.
  • United States v. County of Fairfax,629 F.2d 932 (4th Cir. 1980), 25 FEP Cases 662 (E.D. Va. 1981) U.S. Dist. Lexis 12158.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.