Programma 2000: celebrating 10 years of activity of an Italian pilot programme on early intervention in psychosis

References

• Kovasznay B, Fleischer J, Tanenberg-Karant M, et al. Substance use disorder and the early course of illness in schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Schizophr Bull 1997; 23: 195–201
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert M, Conus P, Lubman DI, et al. The impact of substance use disorders on clinical outcome in 643 patients with first-episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2005; 112: 141–148
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krabbendam L, Myin-Germeys I, Hanssen M, et al. Development of depressed mood predicts onset of psychotic disorder in individuals who report hallucinatory experiences. Br J Clin Psychol 2005; 44: 113–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung AR, Buckby JA, Cosgrave EM, et al. Association between psychotic experiences and depression in a clinical sample over 6 months. Schizophr Res 2007; 91: 246–253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsen TK, Friis S, Haahr U, et al. Early detection and intervention in first-episode schizophrenia: a critical review. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001; 103: 323–334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards J, McGorry PD. Implementing early intervention in psychosis. A guide to establishing early psychosis services. Dunitz, London 2002
   Google Scholar
• Hoff AL, Svetina C, Shields G, Stewart J, DeLisi LE. Ten year longitudinal study of neuropsychological functioning subsequent to a first episode of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2005; 78: 27–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer WJ, Wood SJ, Phillips LJ, et al. Generalized and specific cognitive performance in clinical high-risk cohorts: a review highlighting potential vulnerability markers for psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32: 538–555
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lencz T, Smith CW, McLaughlin D, et al. Generalized and specific neurocognitive deficits in prodromal schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 59: 863–871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGorry PD, Yung AR, Phillips LJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of progression to first-episode psychosis in a clinical sample with subthreshold symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 921–928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen KA, Rosenbaum B. Prospective investigations of the prodromal state of schizophrenia: review of studies. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 113: 247–272
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Girolamo G, Cozza M. The Italian psychiatric reform: a 20-year perspective. Int J Law Psychiatry 2000; 23: 197–214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Girolamo G, Bassi M, Neri G, Ruggeri M, Santone G, Picardi A. The current state of mental health care in Italy: problems, perspectives, and lessons to learn. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2007; 257: 83–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Girolamo G, Barbato A, Bracco R, et al. The characteristics and activities of acute psychiatric inpatient facilities: a national survey in Italy. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 191: 170–177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maone A, Rossi E. Care in the community in Italy 25 years after psychiatric reform. Int J Ment Health 2003; 31: 78–79
   Google Scholar
• Cocchi A, De Isabella G. Day centers in psychiatry: problems, achievements and prospects. Int J Ment Health 1996; 26:3–96.
   Google Scholar
• Gigantesco A, Miglio R, Santone G, et al. The process of care in general hospital psychiatric units: a national survey in Italy. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2007; 41: 509–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preti A, Miotto P. Increase in first admissions for schizophrenia and other major psychoses in Italy. Psychiatry Res 2000; 94: 139–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preti A, Rucci P, Santone G et al. Patterns of admission to acute psychiatric inpatient facilities: a national survey in Italy. Psychol Med 2008. [Epub ahead of print]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaddini A, Biscaglia L, Bracco R, et al. A one-day census of acute psychiatric inpatient facilities in Italy: findings from the PROGRES-Acute Project. Psychiatr Serv 2008; 59: 722–724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson C, Farmer A. Early intervention in psychosis. J Ment Health 1998; 7: 157–164
   Google Scholar
• Lehamn AF, Steinwachs DM, and the Co-Investigators of the PORT Project. At issue: translating research into practice: the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) treatment recommendation. Schizophr Bull 1998; 24:1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johannessen JO, Larsen TK, McGlashan T, Vaglum P. Early identification in psychosis: the TIPS project, a multi-centre study in Scandinavia. Psychosis: psychological approaches and their effectiveness, D Martindale, A Bateman, M Crowe, F Margison. Gaskell, London 2000; 210–234
   Google Scholar
• Yung AR, McGorry PD, McFarlane CA, Patton G. The PACE Clinic: development of a clinical service for young people at high risk of psychosis. Australas Psychiatry 1995; 3: 345–349
   Google Scholar
• Whitehorn D, Lazier L, Kopala L. Psychosocial rehabilitation early after the onset of psychosis. Psychiatr Serv 1998; 49: 1135–1137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbs H, Hamilton Wilson J, Archie S. The Alumni Program: redefining continuity of care in psychiatry. J Psychosoc Nurs 1999; 37: 23–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welch M, Garland G. The safe way to early intervention: an account of the SAFE (Southern Area First Episode) Project. Australas Psychiatry 2000; 8: 243–248
   Google Scholar
• Cocchi A, Meneghelli A. [A pilot program of early intervention in psychosis: scopes and issues.] Psichiatria Comunità 2002; 1–2:57–67 ( in Italian).
   Google Scholar
• Cocchi A, Meneghelli A. [Early intervention in psychosis: clinics and research.] Torino: Centro Scientifico Editore, 2004 ( in Italian).
   Google Scholar
• Häfner H, Riecher-Rossler A, Hambrecht M. IRAOS: An instrument for the assessment of onset and early course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1992; 6: 209–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wing JK, Beevor AS, Curtis RH, Park SB, Hadden S, Burns A. Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS): research and development. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 172: 11–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overall JE, Gorham DE. The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol Rep 1962; 10: 799–812
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roncone R, Ventura J, Impallomeni M, et al. Reliability of an Italian standardized and expanded Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS 4.0) in raters with high vs. low clinical experience. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 100: 229–236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanavio E, Bertolotti G, Michielin P, Vidotto G, Zotti AM. CBA-2.0 Scale Primarie. Firenze: Organizzazioni Speciali, 1986 ( in Italian).
   Google Scholar
• Vaughn CE, Leff JP. The measurement of expressed emotion in the families of psychiatric patients. Br J Soc Clin Psychol 1976; 15: 157–165
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Psychiatric Disability Assessment Schedule. Geneva: WHO Press, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Moos RH, McCoy L, Moos BS. Global assessment of functioning (GAF) ratings: determinants and roles as predictors of one-year treatment outcomes. J Clin Psychol 2000; 56: 449–461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majani G, Callegari S. SAT-P. Satisfaction Profile. Soddisfazione soggettiva e qualità della vita. Trento: Centro Studi Erickson, 1998 ( in Italian).
   Google Scholar
• Ponteri M, Caprin C, Pafumi D, Von Morgen D, Meneghelli A. Attention and executive functions deficits in different phases of psychosis: a control study. Schizophr Res 2006; 86: S107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. DSM-IV. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Press, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Geneva: WHO Press, 1992.
   Google Scholar
• MacBeth A, Gumley A. Premorbid adjustment, symptom development and quality of life in first episode psychosis: a systematic review and critical reappraisal. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2008; 117: 85–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lachar D, Bailley SE, Rhoades HM, Varner RV. Use of BRPS: a percent change scores to identify significant clinical improvement: accuracy of treatment response classification in acute psychiatric inpatients. Psychiatry Res 1999; 89: 259–268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreasen N, Carpenter W, Kane J, Lasser R, Marder S, Weinberger D. Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 441–449
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lasser RA, Nasrallah H, Helldin L, et al. Remission in schizophrenia: applying recent consensus criteria to refine the concept. Schizophr Res 2007; 96: 223–231
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath J, Saha S, Welham J, et al. A systematic review of the incidence of schizophrenia: the distribution of rates and the influence of sex, urbanicity, migrant status and methodology. BMC Med 2004; 2: 13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galdas PM, Cheater F, Marshall P. Men and health helpseeking behaviour: literature review. J Adv Nurs 2005; 49: 616–623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aleman A, Kahn RS, Selten JP. Sex differences in the risk of schizophrenia: evidence from meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60: 565–571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beauchamp G, Gagnon A. Influence of diagnostic classification on gender ratio in schizophrenia. A meta-analysis of youths hospitalized for psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2004; 39: 1017–1022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killackey E, Yung AR. Effectiveness of early intervention in psychosis. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2007; 20: 121–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall M, Lewis S, Lockwood A, Drake R, Jones P, Croudace T. Association between duration of untreated psychosis and in cohorts of first-episode outcome patients: a systematic review. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 975–983
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins DO, Gu H, Boteva K, Lieberman JA. Relationship between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in first-episode schizophrenia: a critical review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162: 1785–1804
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malla A, Schmitz N, Norman R, et al. A multisite Canadian study of outcome of first-episode psychosis treated in publicly funded early intervention services. Can J Psychiatry 2007; 52: 563–571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schimmelmann BG, Conus P, Cotton S, McGorry PD, Lambert M. Pre-treatment, baseline, and outcome differences between early-onset and adult-onset psychosis in an epidemiological cohort of 636 first-episode patients. Schizophr Res 2007; 95: 1–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vracotas N, Schmitz N, Joober R, Malla A. Subjective distress in first-episode psychosis: role of symptoms and self-esteem. Early Intervent Psychiatry 2007; 1: 251–258
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melle I, Larsen TK, Haahr U, et al. Reducing the duration of untreated first-episode psychosis: effects on clinical presentation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2004; 61: 143–150
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conus P, Cotton S, Schimmelmann BG, McGorry PD, Lambert M. The First-Episode Psychosis Outcome Study: premorbid and baseline characteristics of an epidemiological cohort of 661 first-episode psychosis patients. Early Intervent Psychiatry 2007; 1: 191–200
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke M, Whitty P, Browne S, et al. Untreated illness and outcome of psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2006; 189: 235–240
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sipos A, Harrison G, Gunnell D, Amin S, Singh SP. Patterns and predictors of hospitalization in first-episode psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 518–523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips LJ, McGorry P, Yung AR, McGlashan TH, Cornblatt B, Klosterkötter J. Prepsychotic phase of schizophrenia and related disorders: recent progress and future opportunities. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 187(Suppl 48)33–44
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meneghelli A, Patelli G, Cocchi A. Is it really possible to veer the course of the illness? 2-year follow-up of a multi-component and customized treatment of an at-risk group (Programma ). Schizophr Res ; 86 2000; 2006: S20
   Google Scholar
• Klosterkötter J, Hellmich M, Steinmeyer EM, Schultze-Lutter F. Diagnosing schizophrenia in the initial prodromal phase. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001; 58: 158–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung AR, Yuen HP, McGorry PD, et al. Mapping the onset of psychosis: the comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental states. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2005; 39: 964–971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cannon TD, Cadenhead K, Cornblatt B, et al. Prediction of psychosis in youth at high clinical risk: a multisite longitudinal study in North America. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008; 65: 28–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yung AR, Yuen HP, Berger G, et al. Declining transition rate in ultra high risk (prodromal) services: dilution or reduction of risk?. Schizophr Bull 2007; 33: 673–681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelosi A. Is early intervention in the major psychiatric disorders justified? No. BMJ 2008; 337: a710
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meneghelli A, Cocchi A. Approaches to improve social outcome in an early psychosis multimodal program in Lombardy, Italy (Programma ). Schizophr Res ; 86 2000; 2006: S29
   Google Scholar
• Patelli G, Meneghelli A, Pafumi N, Cocchi A. Expressed emotion in families of first-episode and at-risk young people. Which characteristics and which intervention. Schizophr Res 2006; 86: S48
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mapelli V, Erlicher A, Von Morgen D, Cocchi A. Cost-effectiveness of treating early psychosis in Milan: preliminary results. Schizophr Res 2004; 70(Suppl 1)95
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison G, Hopper K, Craig T, et al. Recovery from psychotic illness: a 15- and 25-year international follow-up. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 506–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar