92
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Volatile organic compounds of diesel and porcine bone in a simulated controlled fire

, , , &
Pages 211-230 | Received 17 May 2022, Accepted 19 Jan 2023, Published online: 05 Apr 2023

References

  • Bohnert M, Rost T, Pollak S. The degree of destruction of human bodies in relation to the duration of the fire. Forensic Sci Int. 1998;95(1):11–21.
  • Waterhouse K, Palmer S. 2009. The use of archaeological and anthropological methods in fatal fire scene investigation. Defence Research and Development Canada Centre for Security Science. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Police Research Centre.
  • Ellingham ST, Thompson TJ, Islam M, et al. Estimating temperature exposure of burned bone—a methodological review. Sci Justice. 2015;55(3):181–188.
  • Whyte TR. Distinguishing remains of human cremations from burned animal bones. J Field Archaeol. 2001;28(3-4):437–448.
  • McLellan SA. 1999. An investigation of the volatiles produced from pyrolysis of the body in centre for forensic science, department of pure and applied chemistry. University of Strathclyde: Glasgow, Scotland.
  • DeHaan JD, Campbell SJ, Nurbakhsh S. Combustion of animal fat and its implications for the consumption of human bodies in fires. Sci Justice. 1999;39(1):27–38.
  • DeHaan JD, Brien DJ, Large R. Volatile organic compounds from the combustion of human and animal tissue. Sci Justice. 2004;44(4):223–236.
  • Agu K. 2011. Investigation of the thermal degradation products of bone.PHD thesis. Glasgow, Scotland: Forensic Science, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry. University of Strathclyde.
  • Gabriel GF. 2015. The analysis and discrimination of pyrolysis products from biological and non-biological sources. Central of Forensic Science, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Glasgow, Scotland: University of Strathclyde.
  • Gabriel GF, Ismail A, Ayuni A, et al. The analysis of thermal decomposition products generated from porcine tissues exposed to outdoor burning conditions. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 2017;21(3):585–596.
  • Nizio KD, Forbes SL. Microscopy. Preliminary investigation of the influence of fire modification on the odour of decomposition using GC × GC-TOFMS. 2022.
  • Laporan Tahunan 2016. 2016. Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia. Putrajaya, Malaysia.
  • Martınez-Escandell M. Pyrolysis of petroleum residues: I. Yields and product analyses. Carbon. 1999;37(10):1567–1582.
  • Sandercock PML. Fire investigation and ignitable liquid residue analysis—a review: 2001–2007. Forensic Sci Int. 2008;176(2-3):93–110.
  • Torregrosa-Rodrıguez P, et al. Pyrolysis of petroleum residues: II. Chemistry of pyrolysis. Carbon. 2000;38(4):535–546.
  • Ribeiro NM, Pinto AC, Quintella CM, et al. The role of additives for diesel and diesel blended (ethanol or biodiesel) fuels: a review. Energy Fuels. 2007;21(4):2433–2445.
  • Zadora G, Borusiewicz R, Zieba-Palus J. Differentiation between weathered kerosene and diesel fuel using automatic thermal desorption-GC-MS analysis and the likelihood ratio approach. J Sep Science. 2005;28(13):1467–1475.
  • Dobbins RA, Fletcher RA, Benner BA, Jr, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in flames, in diesel fuels, and in diesel emissions. Combust Flame. 2006;144(4):773–781.
  • Song C. 2000. Chemistry of diesel fuels. London: CRC Press.
  • Stauffer E, Dolan JA, Newman R. 2007. Fire debris analysis. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
  • Lee M, Kim MK, Singleton I, et al. Enhanced biodegradation of diesel oil by a newly identified Rhodococcus baikonurensis EN3 in the presence of mycolic acid. J Appl Microbiol. 2006;100(2):325–333.
  • Christensen LB, Larsen TH. Method for determining the age of diesel oil spills in the soil. Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation. 1993;13(4):142–149.
  • Heimann K, Muthu SS, Karthikeyan OP. 2017. Biodegradation and Bioconversion of Hydrocarbons. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.
  • ASTM E1618-14. Standard test method for ignitable liquid residues in extracts from fire debris samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Annual Book of ASTM Standards ASTM Int. 2019; (1);1–15. West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
  • Crittell JE, Baker J. 2015. A practical assessment of dermal exposure of drilling rig workers to mixed hydrocarbons. In SPE E&P Health, Safety, Security and Environmental Conference-Americas. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
  • Liu S, Wang B, Wang Y. 2017 Identification of Diesel Residues by GC/MS/MS DEStech Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences. 2nd International Conference on New Energy and Renewable Resources. 24-25 Jun.
  • Trapp S, Köhler A, Larsen LC, et al. Phytotoxicity of fresh and weathered diesel and gasoline to willow and poplar trees. J Soils Sediments. 2001;1(2):71–76.
  • Weiner ER. 2010. Applications of environmental chemistry: a practical guide for environmental professionals. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press.
  • Andrade-Eiroa A, Leroy V, Dagaut P, et al. Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in kerosene and bio-kerosene soot. Chemosphere. 2010;78(11):1342–1349.
  • Berces T. 1971. Thermal Decomposition of Aldehydes and Ketones, in Decomposition and Isomerization of Organic Compounds. 5th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publishing Company.
  • Haynes BS, Wagner HG. Soot formation. Prog Energy Combust Sci. 1981;7(4):229–273.
  • Yusoff   MHM, Ayoub M,   Jusoh N,   et   al. The   challenges of a biodiesel   implementation program in   Malaysia.   Processes.   2020;8(10):1244.
  • Pérez, P.J. ed2012. Alkane CH Activation by Single-Site Metal Catalysis (Vol. 38). Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Qian Y, Zhang Y, Yu L, et al. 2016. Effects of Iso-Alkanes as Surrogate Components Blending in Diesel Fuel on the Combustion Process and Emission Characters (No. 2016-01-2181). SAE Technical Paper.
  • Ivanova AE, Sukhacheva MV, Kanat’eva AY, et al. Hydrocarbon-oxidizing potential and the genes for n-alkane biodegradation in a new acidophilic mycobacterial association from sulfur blocks. Microbiology. 2014;83(6):764–772.
  • Faiz A, Weaver CS, Walsh MP. 1996. Air pollution from motor vehicles: standards and technologies for controlling emissions. World Bank Publications. Washington DC: USA.
  • Geller DP, Goodrum JW. Effects of specific fatty acid methyl esters on diesel fuel lubricity. Fuel. 2004;83(17-18):2351–2356.
  • Anastopoulos G, Lois E, Zannikos F, et al. Influence of aceto acetic esters and di-carboxylic acid esters on diesel fuel lubricity. Tribol Int. 2001;34(11):749–755.
  • Van Gerpen JH, Soylu S, Tat ME. 1999. Evaluation of the lubricity of soybean oil-based additives in diesel fuel. In Proceedings, Annual International Meeting of the ASAE.
  • Prinsen P, Luque R, González-Arellano C. Zeolite catalyzed palmitic acid esterification. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2018;262:133–139.
  • Fu J, Lu X, Savage PE. Catalytic hydrothermal deoxygenation of palmitic acid. Energy Environ Sci. 2010;3(3):311–317.
  • Xin H, Guo K, Li D, et al. Production of high-grade diesel from palmitic acid over activated carbon-supported nickel phosphide catalysts. Appl Catal, B. 2016;187:375–385.
  • Mukhopadhyay K, Forssell O. An empirical investigation of air pollution from fossil fuel combustion and its impact on health in India during 1973–1974 to 1996–1997. Ecol Econ. 2005;55(2):235–250.
  • Zulqarnain Yusoff MHM, Ayoub M, Jusoh N. et al.   The challenges  of  a   biodiesel implementation program in malaysia. processes. 2020;8(10):1244.
  • Ogunkunle O, Ahmed NA. A review of global current scenario of biodiesel adoption and combustion in vehicular diesel engines. Energy Rep. 2019;5:1560–1579.
  • Ghadge SV, Raheman H. Biodiesel production from mahua (Madhuca indica) oil having high free fatty acids. Biomass Bioenergy. 2005;28(6):601–605.
  • Mancini A, Imperlini E, Nigro E, et al. Biological and nutritional properties of palm oil and palmitic acid: effects on health. Molecules. 2015;20(9):17339–17361.
  • Bansal Y, Bansal G. Analytical methods for standardization of Aegle marmelos. A review.Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 2011;2(2):37.
  • Woo RAM, Trinh T, Cobb DS, et al. 1999. Uncomplexed cyclodextrin compositions for Odor Control U.S. Patent 5: 955,093.
  • Shaw JE, Efner HF. 1996. Organic polysulfide compositions having reduced odor. U.S.
  • Baser KH, Kirimer N, Tümen G. Pulegone-rich essential oils of Turkey. J. Essent. Oil Res. 1998;10(1):1–8.
  • Rahman SA, Van TC, Hossain FM, et al. Fuel properties and emission characteristics of essential oil blends in a compression ignition engine. Fuel. 2019;238:440–453.
  • Purushothaman P, Gnanamoorthi V, Gurusamy A. Performance combustion and emission characteristics of novel biofuel peppermint oil in diesel engine. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2019;16(12):8547–8556.
  • Purevsuren B, Avid B, Gerelmaa T, et al. The characterisation of Tar from the Pyrolysis of animal bones. Fuel. 2004;83(7-8):799–805.
  • Cablk ME, Szelagowski EE, Sagebiel JC. Characterization of the volatile organic compounds present in the headspace of decomposing animal remains, and compared with human remains. Forensic Sci Int. 2012;220(1-3):118–125.
  • Ramírez R, Cava R. Volatile profiles of dry-cured meat products from three different Iberian X Duroc genotypes. J Agric Food Chem. 2007;55(5):1923–1931.
  • Sabio E, Vidal-Aragon MC, Bernalte MJ, et al. Volatile compounds present in six types of dry-cured ham from south European countries. Food Chem. 1998;61(4):493–503.
  • Van Hecke T, Vossen E, Vanden Bussche J, et al. Fat content and nitrite-curing influence the formation of oxidation products and NOC-specific DNA adducts during in vitro digestion of meat. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e101122.
  • Maher KD, Bressler DC. Pyrolysis of triglyceride materials for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Bioresour Technol. 2007;98(12):2351–2368.
  • DeHaan JD, Taormina EI, Brien DJ. Detection and characterization of volatile organic compounds from burned human and animal remains in fire debris. Sci Justice. 2017;57(2):118–127.
  • Bond Energies. 2013. (Accessed: 13 July 2021). https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/.
  • Bond Energy and Enthalpy. 2021. (Accessed: 13 July). https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/bond-energy-and-enthalpy/
  • Kim HJ, Lilley DG. 2002. Accuracy of the Three-Room Simulation of a Ten-Room Large House Fire In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference 36215: 347–353.
  • Moldoveanu SC. Pyrolysis of aldehydes and ketones. Tech Instrument Anal Chem. 2010;28:397–418.
  • Dehaan JD. 2002. Kirk’s Fire Investigation. Ed Ke-5. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
  • Mat Desa WNS. 2012. The discrimination of ignitable liquids and ignitable liquid residues using chemometric analysis in centre for forensic science, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Glasgow, Scotland: Univeristy of Strathclyde.
  • Aqel A, Dhabbah AM, Yusuf K, et al. Determination of gasoline and diesel residues on wool, silk, polyester and cotton materials by SPME–GC–MS. J Anal Chem. 2016;71(7):730–736.
  • Willson D. A unified scheme for the analysis of light petroleum products used as fire accelerants. Forensic Sci. 1977;10(3):243–252.
  • Yoshida H, Kaneko T, Suzuki S. A solid-phase microextraction method for the detection of ignitable liquids in fire debris. J Forensic Sci. 2008;53(3):668–676.
  • Corso TN, Brenna JT. On-line pyrolysis of hydrocarbons coupled to high-precision carbon isotope ratio analysis. Anal Chim Acta. 1999;397(1-3):217–224.
  • Lentini JJ, Poirier J. 2012. Scientific protocols for fire investigation. London: CRC press.
  • Morgan AB, Wilkie CA. 2007. Flame retardant polymer nanocomposites. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Gann R, Friedman R. 2013. Principles of fire behavior and combustion. Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
  • Liang F, Lu M, Keener TC, et al. The organic composition of diesel particulate matter, diesel fuel and engine oil of a non-road diesel generator. J Environ Monit. 2005;7(10):983–988.
  • Briker Y, Ring Z, Iacchelli A, et al. Diesel Fuel Analysis by GC−FIMS:  Aromatics, n-Paraffins, and Isoparaffins. Energy Fuels. 2001;15(1):23–37.
  • Correa SM, Arbilla G. Aromatic hydrocarbons emissions in diesel and biodiesel exhaust. Atmos Environ. 2006;40(35):6821–6826.
  • Marinov NM, Pitz WJ, Westbrook CK, et al. Modeling of Aromatic and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Formation in Premixed Methane and Ethane Flames. Combust. Sci. Technol. 1996;116-117(1-6):211–287.
  • Bounaceur R, Da Costa I, Fournet R, et al. Experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of toluene. Int J Chem Kinet. 2005;37(1):25–49.
  • Mati K, Ristori A, Pengloan G, et al. Oxidation of 1-methylnaphthalene at 1–13 atm: experimental study in a JSR and detailed chemical kinetic modeling. Combust Sci Technol. 2007;179(7):1261–1285.
  • Landrigan PJ, Etzel RA. 2013. Textbook of children’s environmental health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Pauling L. 2014. General chemistry. Massachusetts: Courier Corporation.
  • Narváez-Rivas M, Gallardo E, León-Camacho M. Analysis of volatile compounds from Iberian hams: a review. Grasas Aceites. 2012;63(4):432–454.
  • Yuan C, Emelianov DA, Varfolomeev MA, et al. Comparison of oxidation behavior of linear and branched alkanes. Fuel Process Technol. 2019;188:203–211.
  • Theodore L. 2008. Air pollution control equipment calculations. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.