Clinically suspected fibrocartilaginous embolism: a case report and literature review

References

• Bacher T, Schiltenwolf M, Niethard F, et al. The risk of paraplegia through medical treatment. Spinal Cord. 1999;37(3):172–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manara R, Calderone M, Severino MS, et al. Spinal cord infarction due to fibrocartilaginous embolization: the role of diffusion weighted imaging and short-tau inversion recovery sequences. J Child Neurol. 2010;25(8):1024–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mateen FJ, Monrad PA, Hunderfund AN, et al. Clinically suspected fibrocartilaginous embolism: clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcomes. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18(2):218–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naiman JL, Donohue WL, Prichard JS. Fatal nucleus pulposus embolism of spinal cord after trauma. Neurology. 1961;11:83–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson CE, Brown RD, Jr., Wijdicks EF, et al. Recovery after spinal cord infarcts: long-term outcome in 115 patients. Neurology. 2012;78(2):114–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yucesoy K, Yuksel KZ. SCIWORA in MRI era. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110(5):429–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tosi L, Rigoli G, Beltramello A. Fibrocartilaginous embolism of the spinal cord: a clinical and pathogenetic reconsideration . J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;60(1):55–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis GA, Klug GL. Acute-onset nontraumatic paraplegia in childhood: fibrocartilaginous embolism or acute myelitis? Childs Nerv Syst. 2000;16(9):551–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rugilo CA, Uribe Roca MC, Zurrú MC, et al. Acute reversible paraparesis secondary to probable fibrocartilaginous embolism. Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain). 2003;18(3):166–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han JJ, Massagli TL, Jaffe KM. Fibrocartilaginous embolism-an uncommon cause of spinal cord infarction: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85(1):153–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raghavan A, Onikul E, Ryan MM, et al. Anterior spinal cord infarction owing to possible fibrocartilaginous embolism. Pediatr Radiol. 2004;34(6):503–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furtner M, Felber S, Poewe W. Spinal fibrocartilaginous embolism. Nervenarzt. 2005;76(10):1246–1249.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jellinger KA. Fibrocartilaginous embolism of the spinal cord. Nervenarzt. 2006;77(2):229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spengos K, Tsivgoulis G, Toulas P, et al. Spinal cord stroke in a ballet dancer. J Neurol Sci. 2006;244(1–2):159–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckmann JG, Dutsch M, Struffert T, et al. Spinal cord infarction: a case of fibrocartilaginous embolism? Eur J Neurol. 2007;14(8):e23–e24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thone J, Hohaus A, Bickel A, et al. Severe spinal cord ischemia subsequent to fibrocartilaginous embolism. J Neurol Sci. 2007;263(1–2):211–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tan K, Hammond ER, Kerr D, et al. Fibrocartilaginous embolism: a cause of acute ischemic myelopathy. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(8):643–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen NC, Yeh CH, Hui CT, et al. Exercise related spinal cord infarction: a case report. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2010;19(3):194–198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roshal D, Gutierrez C, Brock D, et al. Pearls & Oy-sters_ Fibrocartilaginous embolism myelopathy. Neurology. 2010;74(7):e21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisner A, Gary MF, Chern JJ, et al. Spinal cord infarction following minor trauma in children: fibrocartilaginous embolism as a putative cause. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2013;11(4):445–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bansal S, Brown W, Dayal A, et al. Posterior spinal cord infarction due to fibrocartilaginous embolization in a 16-year-old athlete. Pediatrics. 2014;134(1):e289–e292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuello JP, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Linares G, Agarwal S, et al. Acute cervical myelopathy due to presumed fibrocartilaginous embolism: a case report and systematic review of the literature. J Spinal Disord Tech. 2014;27(8):276–281.
   Google Scholar
• Genovese M, Todeschini A, Moratti C, et al. The challenge of diagnosing the acute nontraumatic tetraplegia of a healthy young woman. Int J Neurosci. 2015;125(4):307–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckmann JG, Ernst S. Partial Brown–Séquard syndrome due to presumed fibrocartilaginous embolism. Acta Neurol Belg. 2015;115(4):713–714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rengarajan B, Venkateswaran S, McMillan HJ. Acute asymmetrical spinal infarct secondary to fibrocartilaginous embolism. Childs Nerv Syst. 2015;31(3):487–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eid R, Raj A, Farber D, et al. Spinal cord infarction in hemoglobin SC disease as an amusement park accident. Pediatrics. 2016;138(3):e20154020–e20154020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones DD, Watson RE, Heaton HA. Presentation and medical management of fibrocartilaginous embolism in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2016;51(3):315–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson JA, Ho CY, Golomb MR. Spinal cord stroke presenting with acute monoplegia in a 17-year-old tennis player. Pediatr Neurol. 2016;56:76–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbdelRazek M, Elsadek R, Elsadek L. Case series of two patients with fibrocartilaginous embolism mimicking transverse myelitis of the spinal cord. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;40:66–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagata K, Tanaka Y, Kanai H, et al. Acute complete paraplegia of 8-year-old girl caused by spinal cord infarction following minor trauma complicated with longitudinal signal change of spinal cord. Eur Spine J. 2017;26(5):1432–1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vijay CS, Nield TR, Nield LS. Paraplegia after basketball play: a case of spinal cord infarction secondary to fibrocartilaginous embolization. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000001666
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AbdelRazek MA, Mowla A, Farooq S, et al. Fibrocartilaginous embolism: a comprehensive review of an under-studied cause of spinal cord infarction and proposed diagnostic criteria. J Spinal Cord Med. 2016;39(2):146–154.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Novy J, Carruzzo A, Maeder P, et al. Spinal cord ischemia: clinical and imaging patterns, pathogenesis, and outcomes in 27 patients. Arch Neurol. 2006;63(8):1113–1120.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirkman MA, Citerio G, Smith M. The intensive care management of acute ischemic stroke: an overview. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(5):640–653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia X, Kowalski RG, Sciubba DM, et al. Critical care of traumatic spinal cord injury. J Intensive Care Med. 2013;28(1):12–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hnath JC, Mehta M, Taggert JB, et al. Strategies to improve spinal cord ischemia in endovascular thoracic aortic repair: outcomes of a prospective cerebrospinal fluid drainage protocol. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48(4):836–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sellner J, Luthi N, Schupbach WM, et al. Diagnostic workup of patients with acute transverse myelitis: spectrum of clinical presentation, neuroimaging and laboratory findings. Spinal Cord. 2009;47(4):312–317.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dayan K, Keser A, Konyalioglu S, et al. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on neuroregeneration following acute thoracic spinal cord injury. Life Sci. 2012;90(9–10):360–364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanimoto H, Ichinose K, Okamoto T, et al. Rapidly induced hypothermia with extracorporeal lung and heart assist (ECLHA) improves the neurological outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest in dogs. Resuscitation. 2007;72(1):128–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar