Nothing gained: An explorative study of the long-term effects of perceived maternal feeding practices on women's and men's adult BMI, body image dissatisfaction, and disordered eating

REFERENCES

• Bachner-Melman, R., Zohar, A. H., Elizur, Y., Nemanov, L., Gritsenko, I., Konis, D., et al., (2004). Association between a vasopressin receptor AVPRIA promoter region microsatellite and eating behavior measured by a self-report questionnaire (Eating Attitudes Test) in a family-based study of a non-clinical population. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36, 451–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachner-Melman, R., Zohar, A. H., Kremer, I., Komer, M., Blank, S., Golan, M., et al., (2009). Self-monitoring in anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 55(2), 170–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker, C. W., Whisman, M. A., & Brownell, K. D. (2000). Studying intergenerational transmission of eating attitudes and behaviors: Methodological and conceptual questions. Health Psychology, 19, 376–381.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Batsell, W. R., Brown, A. S., Ansfield, M. E., & Paschall, G. Y. (2002). “You will eat all of that!”; A retrospective analysis of forced consumption episodes. Appetite, 38, 211–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O., & Davison, K. K. (2003). Learning to overeat: Maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls' eating in the absence of hunger. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78, 215–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O., Grimm-Thomas, K., Markey, C. N., Sawyer, R., & Johnson, S. L. (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: A measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite, 36, 201–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branen, L., & Fletcher, J. (1999). Comparison of college students' current eating habits and recollections of their childhood food practices. Journal of Nutrition Education, 31, 304–310.
   Google Scholar
• Brann, L. S., & Skinner, J. D. (2005). More controlling child-feeding practices are found among parents of boys with an average body mass index compared with parent of boys with a high body mass index. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105, 1411–1416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cafri, G., & Thompson, J. K. (2004). Measuring male body image: A review of the current methodology. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5(1), 18–29.
   Google Scholar
• Clark, H. R., Goyder, E., Bissell, P., Blank, L., & Peters, J. (2007). How do parents' child-feeding behaviours influence child weight? Implications for childhood obesity policy. Journal of Public Health, 29(2), 132–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demarest, J., & Allen, R. (2000). Body image: Gender, ethnic, and age differences. Journal of Social Psychology, 140(4), 465–472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dettwyler, K. A., & Fishman, C. (1992). Infant feeding practices and growth. Annual Review of Anthropology, 21, 171–204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faith, M. S., Berkowitz, R. I., Stallings, V. A., Kerns, J., Storey, M., & Stunkard, A. J. (2004). Parental feeding attitudes and styles and child body mass index: Prospective analysis of a gene–environment interaction. Pediatrics, 114, e429–e436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flegal, K. M., & Troiano, R. P. (2000). Changes in the distribution of body mass index of adults and children in the US population. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 24(7), 807–818.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galloway, A. T., Farrow, C. V., & Martz, D. M. (2009). Retrospective reports of child feeding practices, current eating behaviors, and BMI in college students. Obesity, 393, 1–8.
   Google Scholar
• Galloway, A. T., Fiorito, L. M., Francis, L. A., & Birch, L. L. (2006). ‘Finish your soup’: Counterproductive effects of pressuring children to eat on intake and affect. Appetite, 46(3), 318–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner, D. M. (2009). EAT-26 self-test with anonymous feedback. Retrieved June 1, 2010, from www.eat-26.com/scoring.htm.
   Google Scholar
• Garner, D. M., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1979). The Eating Attitudes Test: An index of symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 9, 273–279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner, D. M., Olmsted, M. P., Bohr, Y., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1982). The Eating Attitudes Test: Psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychological Medicine, 12, 871–878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hautala, L., Junnila, J., Helenius, H., Väänänen, A., Liuksila, P., Räihä, H., et al., (2008). Towards understanding gender differences in disordered eating among adolescents. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(13), 1803–1813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobi, C., Hayward, C., De Zwaan, M., Kraemer, H. C., & Agras, W. S. (2004). Coming to terms with risk factors for eating disorders: Application of risk terminology and suggestions for a general taxonomy. Psychological Bulletin, 130(1), 19–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen, E., Mulkens, S., & Jansen, A. (2007). Do not eat the red food! Prohibition of snacks leads to their relatively higher consumption in children. Appetite, 49, 572–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, S. L., & Birch, L. L. (1994). Parents' and children's adiposity and eating style. Pediatrics, 94, 653–661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller, K. L., Pietrobelli, A., Johnson, S. L., & Faith, M. S. (2006). Maternal restriction of children's eating and encouragement to eat as the ‘non-shared environment’: A pilot study using the CFQ. International Journal of Obesity, 30, 1670–1675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S., Lee, A. M., Leung, T., & Yu, H. (1997). Psychometric properties of the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI-1) in a nonclinical Chinese population in Hong Kong. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 21(2), 187–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McAdams, M. A., Van Dam, R. M., & Hu, F. B. (2007). Comparison of self-reported and measured BMI as correlates of disease markers in U.S. adults. Obesity, 15, 188–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbitello, B., Ciano, R., Corsaro, M., Rocco, P. L., Taboga, C., Tonutti, L., et al., (2006). The EAT-26 as screening instrument for clinical nutrition unit attenders. International Journal of Obesity, 30, 977–981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pope, C. G., Pope, H. G., Menard, W., Fay, C., Olivardia, R., & Phillips, K. A. (2005). Clinical features of muscle dysmorphia among males with body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image, 2, 395–400.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rodgers, R. F., Faure, K., & Chabrol, H. (2009). Gender differences in parental influences on adolescent body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Sex Roles, 61(11–12), 837–849.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saelens, B. E., Ernst, M. M., & Ebstein, L. H. (2000). Maternal child feeding practices and obesity: A discordant sibling analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 459–463.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shore, R. A., & Porter, J. E. (1990). Normative and reliability data for 11 to 18 year old on the eating disorder inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 201–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sohn, S. H. (2010). Sex differences in social comparison and comparison motives in body image process. North American Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 481–500.
   Google Scholar
• Spruijt-Metz, D., Lindquist, C. H., Birch, L. L., Fisher, J. O., & Goran, M. I. (2002). Relation between mother's child-feeding practices and children's adiposity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75, 581–586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stendler, C. B. (1950). Sixty years of child training practices: Revolution in the nursery. Journal of Pediatrics, 36(1), 122–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiggemann, M., & Lynch, J. E. (2001). Body image across the life span in adult women: The role of self-objectification. Developmental Psychology, 37(2), 243–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. (2013). Geneva: WHO. Retrieved March 5, 2013, from http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html.
   Google Scholar