References
- Acquisti, Alessandro, Curtis Taylor, and Liad Wagman. 2016. “The Economics of Privacy.” Journal of Economic Literature 54 (2): 442–492. 10.1257/jel.54.2.442
- Andrews, Michelle, Xueming Luo, Zheng Fang, and Anindya Ghose. 2016. “Mobile Ad Effectiveness: Hyper-Contextual Targeting with Crowdedness.” Marketing Science 35 (2): 218–233. 10.1287/mksc.2015.0905
- AppBrain. 2020. “Android Widgets and UI Libraries.” AppBrain|Statistics. Available at www.appbrain.com/stats/libraries/tag/ui-component/android-widgets-andui-libraries. Accessed June 2022.
- Arora, Sandeep, Frankel ter Hofstede, and Vijay Mahajan. 2017. “To Free, or not to Free: The Implications of Offering Free Versions for the Performance of Paid Mobile Apps.” Journal of Marketing 81 (6): 62–78. 10.1509/jm.15.0205
- Athey, Susan, Christian Catalini, and Catherine E. Tucker. 2017. “The Digital Privacy Paradox: Small Money, Small Costs, Small Talk.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series: 23488. Available at www.nber.org/papers/w23488.
- Bajari, Patrick, Victor Chernozhukov, Ali Hortaçsu, and Junichi Suzuki. 2019. “The Impact of Big Data on Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation.” AEA Papers and Proceedings 109 (May): 33–37. 10.1257/pandp.20191000
- Cecere, Grazia, Fabrice Le Guel, and Vincent Lefrere. 2020. “Economics of Free Mobile Applications: Personal Data as a Monetization Strategy.” SSRN Working paper. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3136661.
- Cecere, Grazia, Fabrice Le Guel, Vincent Lefrere, Catherine E. Tucker, and Pai-Ling Yin. 2022. “Privacy, Data and Competition: The Case of Apps for Young Children.” SSRN Working paper. Available at https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4073931.
- Cecere, Grazia, Fabrice Le Guel, and Vincent Lefrere. 2023. “Third Parties in the App Market and Economics of Privacy.” Economics Bulletin, forthcoming.
- Chia, Pern Hui, Yusuke Yamamoto, and N. Asokan. 2012. “Is this App Safe? A Large Scale Study on Application Permissions and Risk Signals.” In Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on World Wide Web. April 2012: 311–320. Available at doi: 10.1145/2187836.2187879.
- Crémer, Jacques, Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye, and Heike Schweitzer. 2019. “Competition Policy.” Technical report. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/competition/publications/reports/ kd0419345enn.pdf.
- De los Santos, Babur, and Sergei Koulayev. 2017. “Optimizing Click-Through in Online Rankings with Endogenous Search Refinement.” Marketing Science. 36 (4): 542–564. 10.1287/mksc.2017.1036
- Dellatto, Marisa. 2021. “TikTok Hits 1 Billion Monthly Active Users.” Available at www.forbes.com/sites/marisadellatto/2021/09/27/tiktok-hits1-billion-monthly-active-users/?sh=75df680344b6.
- Deng, Yiting, Anja Lambrecht, and Yongdong Liu. 2019. “Spillover Effects and Freemium Strategy in Mobile App Market.” SSRN Working paper. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=3149550.
- Egelman, Serge, Adrienne Porter Felt, and David Wagner. 2013. “Choice Architecture and Smartphone Privacy: There’s a Price for That.” In The Economics of Information Security and Privacy, edited by R. Böhme, 211–236. Heidelberg: Springer.
- Ershov, Daniel. 2023. “Variety-Based Congestion in Online Markets: Evidence from Mobile Apps.” American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, forthcoming.
- Fang, Zheng, Xueming Luo, and Megan E. Keith. 2015. “How Effective is Location-targeted Mobile Advertising?” MIT Sloan Management Review. 56 (2): 14.
- Farrell, Joseph. 2012. “Can Privacy Be Just Another Good?” Journal on Telecommunications and High Technology Law. 10 (2): 251–64.
- Fong, Nathan M., Zhend Fang, and Xueming Luo. 2015. “Geo-Conquesting: Competitive Locational Targeting of Mobile Promotions.” Journal of Marketing Research 52 (5): 726–735. 10.1509/jmr.14.0229
- Garg, Rajiv and Rahul Telang. 2013. “Inferring App Demand from Publicly Available Data.” Management Information Systems Quarterly 37 (4): 1253–1264. 10.25300/MISQ/2013/37.4.12
- Ghose, Anindya and Sang Pil Han. 2014. “Estimating Demand for Mobile Applications in the New Economy.” Management Science 60 (6): 1470–1488. 10.1287/mnsc.2014.1945
- Goldfarb, Avi. 2014. “What Is Different about Online Advertising?” Review of Industrial Organization 44 (2): 115–129. 10.1007/s11151-013-9399-3
- Goldfarb, Avi, and Catherine E. Tucker. 2019. “Digital Economics.” Journal of Economic Literature 57 (1): 3–43. 10.1257/jel.20171452
- Gordon, Mary Ellen. 2013. “The History of App Pricing, and Why Most Apps are Free.” Flurry, July 18, 2013.
- Gupta, Sunil. 2013. “For Mobile Devices, Think Apps, not Ads.” Available at https://hbr. org/2013/03/for-mobile-devices-think-apps-not-ads.
- Han, Catherine, Irwin Reyes, Álvaro Feal, Joel Reardon, Primal Wijesekera, Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Amit Elazari, Kenneth A. Bamberger, and Serge Egelman. 2020. “The Price Is (not) Right: Comparing Privacy in Free and Paid Apps.” In Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 3 (1): 222–242. 10.2478/popets-2020-0050
- Hasnat, Baban. 2018. “Big Data: An Institutional Perspective on Opportunities and Challenges.” Journal of Economic Issues 52 (2): 580–588. 10.1080/00213624.2018.1469938
- Jin, Ginger Zhe. 2019. “Artificial Intelligence and Consumer Privacy.” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper Series: 24253. Available at www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24253/w24253.pdf.
- Jullien, Bruno and Wilfried Sand-Zantman. 2021. “The Economics of Platforms: A Theory Guide for Competition Policy.” Information Economics and Policy 54: 100880. 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2020.100880
- Kajanan, Sangaralingam, Nargis Pervin, Narayan Ramasubbu, Kaushik Dutta, and Anindya Datta. 2012. “Takeoff and Sustained Success of Apps in Hypercompetitive Mobile Platform Ecosystems: An Empirical Analysis.” In Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Information Systems, December: 1–19.
- Kesler, Reinhold, Michael E. Kummer, and Patrick Schulte. 2020. “Competition and Privacy in Online Markets: Evidence from the Mobile App Industry.” In Academy of Management Proceedings 1 (July). doi: 10.5465/AMBPP.2020.203
- Kesler, Reinhold, Michael E. Kummer, and Patrick Schulte. 2017. “Mobile Applications and Access to Private Data: The Supply Side of the Android Ecosystem.” ZEW-Center for European Economic Research Discussion Paper.
- Kummer, Michael E. and Patrick Schulte. 2019. “When Private Information Settles the Bill: Money and Privacy in Google’s Market for Smartphone Applications.” Management Science 65 (8): 3470–3494. 10.1287/mnsc.2018.3132
- Lambrecht, Anja, Avi Goldfarb, Alessandro Bonatti, Anindya Ghose, Daniel G. Goldstein, Randall Lewis, Anita Rao, Navdeep Sahni, and Song Yao. 2014. “How Do Firms Make Money Selling Digital Goods Online?” Marketing Letters 25 (3): 331–341. 10.1007/s11002-014-9310-5
- Lambrecht, Anja, and Catherine E. Tucker. 2017. “Can Big Data Protect A Firm From Competition?” Competition Policy International Antitrust Chronicle, 1–8.
- Liu, Charles Zhechao, Yoris A. Au, and Hoon Seok Choi. 2014. “Effects of Freemium Strategy in the Mobile App Market: An Empirical Study of Google Play.” Journal of Management Information Systems 31 (3): 326–354. 10.1080/07421222.2014.995564
- Luo, Xueming, Michelle Andrews, Zheng Fang, and Chee Wei Phang. 2014. “Mobile Targeting.” Management Science 60 (7): 1738–1756. 10.1287/mnsc.2013.1836
- Mhaidli, Abraham H., Yixin Zou, and Florian Schaub. 2019. “‘We Can’t Live Without Them!’ App Developers’ Adoption of Ad Networks and Their Considerations of Consumer Risks.” Working paper. Available at www.usenix.org/conference/soups2019/presentation/mhaidli.
- Nath, Suman. 2015. “MAdscope: Characterizing Mobile In-app Targeted Ads.” In Proceedings of the 13th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, May 2015: 59–73.
- National Public Radio (2021). “TikTok To Pay $92 Million To Settle Class-Action Suit Over ‘Theft’ Of Personal Data.” Available at www.npr.org/2021/02/25/971460327/tiktok-to-pay-92-million-to-settle-classaction-suit-over-theft-of-personal-data. Accessed June 2022.
- Razaghpanah, Abbas, Rishab Nithyanand, Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Srikanth Sundaresan, Mark Allman, Christian Kreibich, and Phillipa Gill. 2018. “Apps, Trackers, Privacy, and Regulators: A Global Study of the Mobile Tracking Ecosystem.” In The 25th Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium NDSS 2018:18–21.
- Ross, Nicholas. 2018. “Customer Retention in Freemium Applications.” Journal of Marketing Analytics 6 (4): 127–137. 10.1057/s41270-018-0042-x
- Sarma, Bhaskar Pratim, Ninghui Li, and Chris Gates, Rahul Potharaju, Cristina Nita-Rotaru, and Ian Molloy. 2012. “Android Permissions: A Perspective Combining Risks and Benefits.” In Proceedings of the 17th ACM symposium on Access Control Models and Technologie, June 2012: 13–22.
- Smith, Andrew. 2019. “Video Social Networking App Musical.ly Agrees to Settle FTC Allegations That it Violated Children’s Privacy Law.” Federal Trade Commission, February 27, 2019. Available at www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2019/02/video-social-networking-app-musically-agrees-settle-ftc-allegations-it-violated-childrens-privacy. Accessed June 2022.
- Savage, Scott J., and Donald M. Waldman. 2015. “Privacy Tradeoffs in Smartphone Applications.” Economics Letters 137: 171–175. 10.1016/j.econlet.2015.10.016
- Shapiro, Carl, and Hal R. Varian. 1998. “Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy.” Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Press.
- Shapiro, Robert, and Aneja Siddhartha. 2019. “Who Owns Americans’ Personal Information and What Is It Worth.” Future Majority, March 8, 2019. Available at www.assets.futuremajority.org/uploads/report-for-future-majority-on-the-value-of-people-s-personal-data-shapiro-aneja-march-8-2019.pdf. Accessed September 2023.
- Statista. 2021a. “Distribution of Free and Paid Android Apps in the Google Play Store as of December 2021.” Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/266211/ distribution-of-free-and-paid-android-apps/. Accessed January 2022.
- Statista. 2021b. “Distribution of Free and Paid iOS Apps in the Apple App Store as of December 2021.” Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/1020996/ distribution-of-free-and-paid-ios-apps/. Accessed January 2022.
- Statista. 2021c. “Mobile Operating Systems’ Market Share Worldwide from January 2012 to June 2021.” Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/272698/globalmarket-share-held-by-mobile-operating-systems-since-2009/. Accessed January 2022.
- Statista. 2021d. “Nombre d’Applications Disponibles sur les Principaux App Stores en Mars 2021.” Available at https://fr.statista.com/statistiques/571454/nombre-dapplications-disponibles-sur-les-principaux-app-stores/. Accessed January 2022.
- Statista. 2021e. “Number of Mobile App Downloads Worldwide from 2016 to 2021.” Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/271644/worldwide-free-and-paidmobile-app-store-downloads//. Accessed January 2022.
- Statista. 2021f. “Number of Smartphone Users from 2016 to 2021.” Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphoneusers-worldwide/. Accessed January 2022.
- Tucker, Catherine E. 2019. “Privacy, Algorithms, and Artificial Intelligence.” In The Economics of Artificial Intelligence, 423–438. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Varian, Hal. R. 2010. “Computer Mediated Transactions.” American Economic Review 100 (2): 1–10. 10.1257/aer.100.2.1
- Wang, Haoyu, and Yao Guo. 2017. “Understanding Third-party Libraries in Mobile App Analysis.” In 2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering Companion (ICSE-C) May 2017: 515–516. 10.1109/ICSE-C.2017.161
- Wang, Haoyu, Yao Guo, Ziang Ma, and Xiangqun Chen. 2015. “Wukong: A Scalable and Accurate Twophase Approach to Android App Clone Detection.” In Proceedings of the 2015 International Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis March 2015: 71–82.