Variations of Sexual Scripts Relating to Concurrency by Race, Class, and Gender in South Africa

References

• Apondi, R., Bunnell, R., Ekwaru, J. P., Moore, D., Bechange, S., Khana, K., … Mermin, J. (2011). Sexual behavior and HIV transmission risk of Ugandan adults taking antiretroviral therapy: 3 year follow-up. AIDS, 25, 1317–1327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castillo, C., & Geer, J. (1993). Ambiguous stimuli: Sex in the eye of the beholder. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 22, 131–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman, S. (1995). Great expectorations! The decline of public spitting: Lessons for passive smoking? British Medical Journal, 311, 1685–1686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christakis, N. A., & Fowler, J. H. (2008). The collective dynamics of smoking in a large social network. New England Journal of Medicine, 358, 2249–2258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corneli, A., Pettifor, A., Kamanga, G., Golin, C., McKenna, K., Ou, S. S., … Hoffman, I. (2014). HPTN 062: A feasibility and acceptability pilot intervention to reduce HIV transmission risk behaviors among individuals with acute and early HIV infection in Lilongwe, Malawi. AIDS and Behavior, 18, 1785–1800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, M. (2005). Cultural politics and masculinities: Multiple-partners in historical perspective in KwaZulu-Natal. Culture, Health, and Sexuality, 7, 209–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, M. (2007). The changing political economy of sex in South Africa: The significance of unemployment and inequalities to the scale of the AIDS pandemic. Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey 2011 Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey 2011 Social Science and Medicine, 64, 689–700.
   Google Scholar
• Hunter, M. (2010). Beyond the male-migrant: South Africa's long history of health geography and the contemporary AIDS pandemic. Health Place, 16, 25–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jana, M., Nkambule, M., & Tumbo, D. (2008). Multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships in Southern Africa: A ten country research report. Johannesburg, South Africa: Soul City Institute Regional Programme.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, L., Dorrington, R., Bradshaw, D., Pillay-Van Wyk, V., & Rehle, T. (2009). Sexual behaviour patterns in South Africa and their association with the spread of HIV: Insights from a mathematical model. Demographic Research, 21, 289–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, S., Kincaid, L., Laurence, S., Chikwava, F., Delate, R., & Mahlasela, L. (2010). Second National HIV Communication Survey, 2009. Pretoria, South Africa: JHHESA.
   Google Scholar
• Kembabazi, A., Bajunirwe, F., Hunt, P. W., Martin, J. N., Muzoora, C., Haberer, J. E., … Siedner, M. J. (2013). Disinhibition in risky sexual behavior in men, but not women, during four years of antiretroviral therapy in rural, southwestern Uganda. PloS One, 8, e69634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and ICF Macro. (2010). Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09. Calverton, MD: KNBS and ICF Macro.
   Google Scholar
• Kenyon, C. (2013a). Association of HIV prevalence and concurrency of sexual partnerships in South Africa's language groups: An ecological analysis. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 14, 25–28.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon, C. (2013b). Ecological association between HIV and concurrency point-prevalence in South Africa's ethnic groups. African Journal of AIDS Research, 12, 79–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon, C., Boulle, A., Badri, M., & Asselman, V. (2010). “I don't use a condom (with my regular partner) because I know that I'm faithful, but with everyone else I do”: The cultural and socioeconomic determinants of sexual partner concurrency in young South Africans. Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS, 7, 35–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon, C., Buyze, J., & Colebunders, R. (2013). HIV prevalence by race co-varies closely with concurrency and number of sex partners in South Africa. PloS One, 8, e64080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon, C., & Colebunders, R. (2013). Birds of a feather: Homophily and sexual network structure in sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of STD and AIDS, 24, 211–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon, C., Dlamini, S., Boulle, A., White, R. G., & Badri, M. (2009). A network-level explanation for the differences in HIV prevalence in South Africa's racial groups. African Journal of AIDS Research, 8, 243–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon, C., Menten, J., Vu, L., & Maughan Brown, B. (2014). Male circumcision and sexual risk behaviors may contribute to considerable ethnic disparities in HIV prevalence in Kenya: An ecological analysis. PloS One, 9, e106230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenyon, C., Zondo, S., & Badri, M. (2010). Determinants of self-perceived HIV risk in young South Africans engaged in concurrent sexual relationships. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 14, 171–181.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirby, D. (2008). Changes in sexual behaviour leading to the decline in the prevalence of HIV in Uganda: Confirmation from multiple sources of evidence. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 84, ii35–ii41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knopf, A., Agot, K., Sidle, J., Naanyu, V., & Morris, M. (2014). “This is the medicine”: A Kenyan community responds to a sexual concurrency reduction intervention. Social Science and Medicine, 108, 175–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kretzschmar, M., & Morris, M. (1996). Measures of concurrency in networks and the spread of infectious disease. Mathematical Biosciences, 133, 165–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwena, Z. A., Mwanzo, I. J., Bukusi, E. A., Achiro, L. F., & Shisanya, C. A. (2013). A cross-sectional survey of prevalence and correlates of couple sexual concurrency among married couples in fishing communities along Lake Victoria in Kisumu, Kenya. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 90, 139–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latkin, C. A., Forman, V., Knowlton, A., & Sherman, S. (2003). Norms, social networks, and HIV-related risk behaviors among urban disadvantaged drug users. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 465–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leclerc-Madlala, S. (2009). Cultural scripts for multiple and concurrent partnerships in southern Africa: Why HIV prevention needs anthropology. Sexual Health, 6, 103–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lurie, M. N., Williams, B. G., Zuma, K., Mkaya-Mwamburi, D., Garnett, G., Sturm, A. W., … Karim, S. S. A. (2003). The impact of migration on HIV-1 transmission in South Africa: A study of migrant and nonmigrant men and their partners. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 30, 149–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mah, T. L. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of concurrent sexual partnerships among young people in South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 37, 105–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahay, J., Laumann, E., & Michaels, S. (1994). Race, gender, and class in sexual scripts. In E. Laumann J. Gagnon & R. Michael (Eds.), The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States (pp. 197–238). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Marks, S. (2002). An epidemic waiting to happen? The spread of HIV/AIDS in South Africa in social and historical perspective. African Studies, 61, 13–26.
   Google Scholar
• Morris, M., & Kretzschmar, M. (1997). Concurrent partnerships and the spread of HIV. AIDS, 11, 641–648.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris, M., Kurth, A. E., Hamilton, D. T., Moody, J., & Wakefield, S. (2009). Concurrent partnerships and HIV prevalence disparities by race: linking science and public health practice. American Journal of Public Health, 99, 1023–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parsons, J. T., Vicioso, K. J., Punzalan, J. C., Halkitis, P. N., Kutnick, A., & Velasquez, M. M. (2004). The impact of alcohol use on the sexual scripts of HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 160–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prentice, D. A., & Miller, D. T. (1993). Pluralistic ignorance and alcohol-use on campus: Some consequences of misperceiving the social norm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 243–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, G. (1993). The strategy of preventive medicine. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Rose, G., & Day, S. (1990). The population mean predicts the number of deviant individuals. British Medical Journal, 301, 1031–1034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, C. M., & Prentice, D. A. (1998). Exposing pluralistic ignorance to reduce alcohol use among college students. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 2150–2180.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L. C., Zuma, K., Jooste, S., Zungu, N., Labadarios, D., & Onoya, D. (2014). South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey, 2012. Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1987). A sexual scripts approach. In J. Geer & W. O'Donohue (Eds.), Theories of human sexuality (pp. 363–383). New York, NY: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Stacy, A., & Ames, L. (2000). Implicit cognition and HIV risk behavior. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5, 475–484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uganda Ministry of Health. (2012). Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey (AIS) 2011. Kampala, Uganda: Ministry of Health.
   Google Scholar