24
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Anatomical Pathology

Activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) predicts poor prognosis in urothelial bladder carcinoma and is not associated with B-Raf gene mutations

, , , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 327-334 | Received 01 May 2008, Accepted 21 Jul 2008, Published online: 06 Jul 2009

References

  • Hussain S A, James N D. Molecular markers in bladder cancer. Semin Radiat Oncol 2005; 15: 3–9
  • Schultz I J, Witjes J A, Swinkels D W, et al. Bladder cancer diagnosis and recurrence prognosis: comparison of markers with emphasis on survivin. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 368: 20–32
  • Torii S, Yamamoto T, Tsuchiya Y, et al. ERK MAP kinase in G cell cycle progression and cancer. Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 697–702
  • Schaeffer H J, Weber M J. Mitogen-activated protein kinases: specific messages from ubiquitous messengers. Mol Cell Biol 1999; 19: 2435–44
  • Robinson M J, Cobb M H. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1997; 9: 180–6
  • Pearson G, Robinson F, Beers Gibson T, et al. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways: regulation and physiological functions. Endocr Rev 2001; 22: 153–83
  • Hoshino R, Chatani Y, Yamori T, et al. Constitutive activation of the 41-/43-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in human tumors. Oncogene 1999; 18: 813–22
  • Mercer K, Chiloeches A, Huser M, et al. ERK signalling and oncogene transformation are not impaired in cells lacking A-Raf. Oncogene 2002; 21: 347–55
  • Hanahan D, Weinberg R A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000; 100: 57–70
  • Davies H, Bignell G R, Cox C, et al. Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer. Nature 2002; 417: 949–54
  • Gollob J A, Wilhelm S, Carter C, et al. Role of Raf kinase in cancer: therapeutic potential of targeting the Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway. Semin Oncol 2006; 33: 392–406
  • Eble J N, Epstein J I, Seternhenn I A. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics, Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Tract5th ed. IARC Press, Lyon 2004; 89–115
  • Hofmann T, Knugel-Clarke R, Hartmann A, et al. Clinical implications of the 2004 WHO histological classification on non-invasive tumours of the urinary bladder. EAU EBU Update Series 2006; 4: 83–95
  • Sobin L H, Wittekind C H. International Union Against Cancer. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors5th ed. Wiley-Liss, New York 1997
  • Mikulowski P, Hellsten S. T1G1 urinary bladder carcinoma: Fact or fiction. Scand J Urol Neph 2005; 39: 135–7
  • Korkolopoulou P, Goudopoulou A, Voutsinas G, et al. c-FLIP expression in bladder urothelial carcinomas: its role in resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis and clinicopathologic correlations. Urology 2004; 63: 1198–204
  • Korkolopoulou P, Givalos N, Saetta A, et al. Minichromosome maintenance proteins 2 and 5 expression in muscle-invasive urothelial cancer: a multivariate survival study including proliferation markers and cell cycle regulators. Hum Pathol 2005; 36: 899–907
  • Bryan R T, Hussain S A, James N D, et al. Molecular pathways in bladder cancer: Part 1. BJU Int 2005; 95: 485–90
  • Seger R, Krebs E G. The MAPK signaling cascade. FASEB J 1995; 9: 726–35
  • Givant-Horwitz V, Davidson B, Lazarovici P, et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) as predictors of clinical outcome in serous ovarian carcinoma in effusions. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 91: 160–72
  • McCubrey J A, Steelman L S, Chappell W H, et al. Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in cell growth, malignant transformation and drug resistance. Biochim Biophys Acta 2007; 1773: 1263–84
  • Schmitz K J, Wohlschlaeger J, Alakus H, et al. Activation of extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2) but not AKT predicts poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma and is associated with k-ras mutations. Virchows Arch 2007; 450: 151–9
  • Albanell J, Codony-Servat J, Rojo F, et al. Activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases: association with epidermal growth factor receptor/transforming growth factor alpha expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma and inhibition by anti-epidermal growth factor receptor treatments. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 6500–10
  • Jorgensen K, Holm R, Maelandsmo G M, et al. Expression of activated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 in malignant melanomas: relationship with clinical outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2003; 9: 5325–31
  • Vicent S, Lopez-Picazo J M, Toledo G, et al. ERK1/2 is activated in non-small-cell lung cancer and associated with advanced tumours. Br J Cancer 2004; 90: 1047–52
  • Mizumoto Y, Kyo S, Mori N, et al. Activation of ERK1/2 occurs independently of KRAS or BRAF status in endometrial cancer and is associated with favorable prognosis. Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 652–8
  • Loda M, Capodieci P, Mishra R, et al. Expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in the early phases of human epithelial carcinogenesis. Am J Pathol 1996; 149: 1553–64
  • Gioeli D, Mandell J W, Petroni G R, et al. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase associated with prostate cancer progression. Cancer Res 1999; 59: 279–84
  • Adeyinka A, Nui Y, Cherlet T, et al. Activated mitogen-activated protein kinase expression during human breast tumorigenesis and breast cancer progression. Clin Cancer Res 2002; 8: 1747–53
  • Chadha K S, Khoury T, Yu J, et al. Activated Akt and Erk expression and survival after surgery in pancreatic carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2006; 13: 933–9
  • Lugli A, Zlobec I, Minoo P, et al. Role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathways downstream molecules, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and phosphorylated AKT in colorectal cancer-a tissue microarray-based approach. Hum Pathol 2006; 37: 1022–31
  • Milde-Langosch K, Bamberger A M, Rieck G, et al. Expression and prognostic relevance of activated extracellular-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2005; 92: 2206–15
  • Marshall C J. Specificity of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: transient versus sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. Cell 1995; 80: 179–85
  • Pryor J P. Factors influencing the survival of patients with transitional cell tumours of the urinary bladder. Br J Urol 1973; 45: 586–91
  • Cohen Y, Xing M, Mambo E, et al. BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95: 625–7
  • Stoehr R, Brinkmann A, Filbeck T, et al. No evidence for mutation of B-RAF in urothelial carcinomas of the bladder and upper urinary tract. Oncol Rep 2004; 11: 137–41
  • Weber A, Hengge U R, Urbanik D, et al. Absence of mutations of the BRAF gene and constitutive activation of extracellular-regulated kinase in malignant melanomas of the uvea. Lab Invest 2003; 83: 1771–6
  • Cho N Y, Choi M, Kim B H, et al. BRAF and KRAS mutations in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2006; 119: 1858–62
  • Tomlinson D C, Baldo O, Harnden P, et al. FGFR3 protein expression and its relationship to mutation status and prognostic variables in bladder cancer. J Pathol 2007; 213: 91–98

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.