Is the frequency of mitoses and PCNA positive cells in tissues affected by delay in fixation? Lessons for accurate tumor grading

References

• Evans N. Mitotic figures in malignant tumors as affected by time before fixation of tissues. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1926; 1: 894–898
   Google Scholar
• Chi CH, Rubio CA, Lagerlof B. The frequency and distribution of mitotic figures in dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. Cancer 1977; 39: 1218–1223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullough W. Mitotic activity in tissues of dead mice, and in tissues kept in physiological salt solutions. Exp Cell Res 1950; 1: 410–420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards JL, Donaldson JT. The time of fixation and the mitotic index. Am J Clin Pathol 1964; 41: 158–162
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graem N, Helweg-Larsen K. Mitotic activity and delay in fixation of tumor tissue: the influence of delay in fixation on mitotic activity of a human osteogenic sarcoma grown in athymic nude mice. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1979; 87: 375–378
   Google Scholar
• Donhuijsen, K, Schmidt, U, Hirche, H, et al. Changes in mitotic rate and cell cycle fractions caused by delayed fixation. Hum Pathol 1990; 21: 709–714
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cross S, Start R, Smith J. Does delay in fixation affect the number of miotic figures in processed tissue?. J Clin Path 1990; 43: 597–599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Start, RD, Flynn, MS, Cross, SS, et al. Is the grading of breast carcinomas affected by a delay in fixation?. Virchows Archiv A, Pathological Anatomy & Histopathology 1991; 419: 475–477
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lyng H, Skretting A, Rofstad EK. Blood flow in six human melanoma xenograft lines with different growth characteristics. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 584–592
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hori, K, Suzuki, M, Tanda, S, et al. Characterization of heterogeneous distribution of tumor blood flow in the rat. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991; 82: 109–117
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sutherland RM. Cell and environment interactions in tumor microregions: the multicell spheroid model. Science 1988; 240: 177–184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain RK. Determinants of tumor blood flow: a review. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 2641–2658
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sevick EM, Jain RK. Blood flow and venous pH of tissue-isolated Walker 256 carcinoma during hyperglycemia. Cancer Res 1988; 48: 1201–1207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sevick EM, Jain RK. Viscous resistance to blood flow in solid tumors: effect of hematocrit on intratumor blood viscosity. Cancer Res 1989; 49: 3513–3519
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sevick EM, Jain RK. Geometric resistance to blood flow in solid tumors perfused ex vivo: effects of tumor size and perfusion pressure. Cancer Res 1989; 49: 3506–3512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nugent LJ, Jain RK. Extravascular diffusion in normal and neoplastic tissues. Cancer Res 1984; 44: 238–244
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baxter LT, Jain RK. Transport of fluid and macromolecules in tumors. I. Role of interstitial pressure and convection. Microvasc Res 1989; 37: 77–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sukumar, S, Notario, V, Martin-Zanca, D, et al. Induction of mammary carcinomas in rats by nitroso-methylurea involves malignant activation of H-ras-1 locus by single point mutation. Nature 1983; 305: 658–661
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laroye GJ, Minkin S. The impact of mitotic index on predicting outcome in breast carcinoma: a comparison of different counting methods in patients with different lymph node status. Mod Pathol 1991; 4: 456–460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruz-Orive L. On the empirical variance of a fractionator estimate. J Microsc 1990; 160: 89–95
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gundersen H, Jensen E. The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J Microsc 1987; 147: 229–263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gundersen, HJG, Bagger, P, Bendtsen, TF, et al. The new stereological tools: disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1988; 96: 857–881
   Google Scholar
• Snedecor GW, Cochran WG. Statistical Methods. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa 1967
   Google Scholar
• Neter J, Wasserman W, Kutner MH. Applied Linear Statistical Models. Irwin, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts 1990
   Google Scholar
• Cope, C, Rowe, D, Delbridge, L, et al. Comparison of image analysis and flow cytometric determination of cellular DNA content. 1991; 44: 147–151
   Google Scholar
• Collyn-d'Hooghe M, Valleron AJ, Malaise EP. Time-lapse cinematography studies of cell cycle and mitosis duration. Exp Cell Res 1977; 106: 405–407
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dische, S, Saunders, M, Bennett, M, et al. Cell proliferation and differentiation in squamous cancer. Radiother Oncol 1989; 15: 19–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baak, J, Van Dop, H, Kurver, P, et al. The value of morphometry to classic prognosticators in breast cancer. Cancer 1985; 56: 374–382
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom HJG, Richardson WW. Histological grading and prognosis in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 1957; 11: 359–377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kempson RL, Bari W. Uterine sarcomas: classification, diagnosis and prognosis. Hum Pathol 1970; 1: 331–349
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laroye GJ, Panzarella T. Two techniques for measuring invasion in solid tumors. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 1994; 102: 103–111
   Google Scholar