Retrospective evaluation of 130 cases with kawasaki disease follow-up in a tertiary care center in Turkey between 1999 and 2019: a 20-year experience

References

• McCrindle BW, Rowley AH, Newburger JW, et al. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of kawasaki disease: a scientific statement for health professionals from the American heart association. Circulation. 2017;135(17):927–999. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000484
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawasaki T. Acute febrile mucocutaneous syndrome with lymphoid involvement with specific desquamation of the fingers and toes in children. Arerugi. 1967; 16:178–222.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Makino N, Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, et al. Nationwide epidemiologic survey of kawasaki disease in Japan, 2015–2016. Pediatr Int. 2019;61(4):397–403. doi: 10.1111/ped.13809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makino N, Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of kawasaki disease in Japan, 2011–2012: from the results of the 22nd nationwide survey. J Epidemiol. 2015;25:239–245. 10.2188/jea.JE20140089 3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piram M. Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease in Europe. Front Pediatr. 2021; 9:673554. 10.3389/FPED.2021.673554
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozen S, Bakkaloglu A, Dusunsel R, et al. Childhood vasculitides in Turkey: a nationwide survey. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:196–200. 10.1007/s10067-006-0266-6 2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsubara K, Fukaya T, Miwa K, et al. Development of serum IgM antibodies against superantigens of staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes in Kawasaki disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006;143(3):427–434. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03015.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onouchi Y, Ozaki K, Buns JC, et al. Common variants in CASP3 confer susceptibility to Kawasaki disease. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19(14):2898–2906. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq176
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onouchi Y. Genetics of Kawasaki disease: what we know and don’t know. Circ J. 2012;76(7):1581–1586. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-12-0568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman KG, Jone PN. Update on the Management of Kawasaki Disease. Pediatr Clin North. 2020;67:811–819. 10.1016/j.pcl.2020.06.002 5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavey REW, Allada V, Daniels SR, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk pediatric patients: a scientific statement from the American heart association expert panel on population and prevention science; the councils on cardiovascular disease in the young, epidemiology and prevention. Circulation. 2006;114(24):2710–2738. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.179568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Research Committee on Kawasaki Disease. (1984) report of subcommittee on standardization of diagnostic criteria and reporting of coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tokyo. - References - Scientific Research Publishing. [cited 2020 Dec 5]. Available from: https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=410827.
   Google Scholar
• Kobayashi T, Inoue Y, Takeuchi K, et al. Prediction of intravenous immunoglobulin unresponsiveness in patients with kawasaki disease. Circulation. 2006;113:2606–2612. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592865 22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egami K, Muta H, Ishii M, et al. Prediction of resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in patients with kawasaki disease. J Pediatr. 2006;149(2):237–240. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.03.050
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada K, Hara J, Maki I, et al. Pulse methylprednisolone with gammaglobulin as an initial treatment for acute Kawasaki disease. Eur J Pediatr. 2009;168:181–185. 10.1007/s00431-008-0727-9 2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sleeper LA, Minich LL, McCrindle BM, et al. Evaluation of Kawasaki disease risk-scoring systems for intravenous immunoglobulin resistance. J Pediatr. 2011;158:831–835.e3. 10.1016/J.JPEDS.2010.10.031 5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son MBF, Gauvreau K, Kim S, et al. Predicting coronary artery aneurysms in kawasaki disease at a North American center: an assessment of baseline z scores. J Am Hear Assoc Cardiovasc Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;6:e005378. 10.1161/JAHA.116.005378 6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öztarhan K, Varla YZ, NA A. Usefulness of kawasaki disease risk scoring systems to the Turkish population. Anatol J Cardiol. 2020; 24:97. 10.14744/ANATOLJCARDIOL.2020.37560
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaya Akca U, Arslanoglu Aydin E, Aykan HH, et al. Comparison of IVIG resistance predictive models in kawasaki disease. Pediatr Res. 2022;91(3):621–626. Epub 2021 Mar 22. PMID: 33753891. 10.1038/s41390-021-01459-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar-Meir M, Kalisky I, Schwartz A, et al. Prediction of resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin in children with kawasaki disease. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018;7:25–29. 10.1093/JPIDS/PIW075
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uehara R, Belay ED, Maddox RA, et al. Analysis of potential risk factors associated with nonresponse to initial intravenous immunoglobulin treatment among kawasaki disease patients in Japan. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(2):155–160. doi: 10.1097/INF.0B013E31815922B5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCrindle BW, Li JS, Minich LL, et al. Coronary artery involvement in children with kawasaki disease: risk factors from analysis of serial normalized measurements. Circulation. 2007;116(2):174–179. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.690875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mossberg M, Mohammad AJ, Kahn F, et al. High risk of coronary artery aneurysm in kawasaki disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021; 6;60(4):1910–1914. doi. 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shashaani N, Shiari R, Karimi A, et al. Determination of the relationship between kobayashi, sano, and egami criteria and prevalence of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and coronary artery aneurysm in Iranian children with Kawasaki Disease. Open Access Rheumatol. 2020;12:187–192. doi. 10.2147/OARRR.S255138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ae R, Makino N, Kosami K, et al. Treatments, and cardiac complications in patients with Kawasaki Disease: the nationwide survey in Japan, 2017-2018. J Pediatr. 2020;225:23–29.e2. 10.1016/J.JPEDS.2020.05.034
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho HJ, Kim WY, Park SM, et al. The risk prediction of coronary artery lesions through the novel hematological Z-Values in 4 chronological age subgroups of kawasaki disease. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(9):466. doi: 10.3390/medicina56090466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabi M, Andreozzi L, Frabboni I, et al. Non-coronary cardiac events, younger age, and IVIG unresponsiveness increase the risk for coronary aneurysms in Italian children with kawasaki disease. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(4):1507–1514. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05331-w
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smorczewska-Kiljan A, Marszał M, Friedman-Gruszczyńska J, et al. Clinical characteristics of kawasaki disease in Polish children: a retrospective study. Kardiol Pol (Polish Hear Journal). 2022;80(6):657–663. doi: 10.33963/KP.A2022.0090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harada K. Intravenous γ-Globulin Treatment in Kawasaki Disease. Pediatr Int. 1991;33(6):805–810. doi: 10.1111/J.1442-200X.1991.TB02612.X
   Google Scholar
• Shin J, Lee H, Eun L. Verification of Current risk scores for kawasaki disease in Korean children. J Korean Med Sci. 2017;32(12):1991. doi: 10.3346/JKMS.2017.32.12.1991
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewelde H, Yoon J, Van Ittersum W, et al. The Harada score in the US population of children with kawasaki disease. Hosp Pediatr. 2014;4(4):233–238. doi: 10.1542/HPEDS.2014-0008
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kobayashi T, Ayusawa M, Suzuki H, et al. Revision of diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease (6th revised edition). Pediatr Int. 2020;62:1135–1138. 10.1111/ped.14326 10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Çakmak F, Demir F, Çakan M, et al. Is it all about age? Clinical characteristics of kawasaki disease in the extremely young: PeRA research group experience. Postgrad Med. 2022;134(4):429–434. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2058206
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gradoux E, Di BS, Bressieux-Degueldre S, et al. Epidemiology of kawasaki disease in children in Switzerland: a national prospective cohort study. Swiss Med Wkly. 2022;152(2122):w30171. doi: 10.4414/SMW.2022.W30171
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tremoulet AH, Jain S, Kim S, et al. Rationale and study design for a phase I/IIa trial of anakinra in children with kawasaki disease and early coronary artery abnormalities (the ANAKID trial). Contemp Clin Trials. 2016;48:70–75. 10.1016/j.cct.2016.04.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori M, Hara T, Kikuchi M, et al. Infliximab versus intravenous immunoglobulin for refractory kawasaki disease: a phase 3, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):1994. doi: 10.1038/S41598-017-18387-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Portman MA, Dahdah NS, Slee A, et al. Etanercept with IVIG for acute kawasaki disease: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2019;143:e20183675. 10.1542/peds.2018-3675 6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makino N, Nakamura Y, Yashiro M, et al. Epidemiological observations of Kawasaki disease in Japan, 2013–2014. Pediatr Int. 2018;60(6):581–587. doi: 10.1111/PED.13544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boudiaf H, Achir M. The clinical profile of kawasaki disease in Algerian children: a single institution experience. J Trop Pediatr. 2016;62(2):139–143. doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmv090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorczyca D, Poste J, Olesińska E, et al. The clinical profile of kawasaki disease of children from three Polish centers: a retrospective study. Rheumatol Int. 2014;34:875–880. 10.1007/s00296-013-2836-7 6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels LB, Tjajadi MS, Walford HH, et al. Prevalence of Kawasaki disease in young adults with suspected myocardial ischemia. Circulation. 2012;125(20):2447. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.082107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruey-Kang RC. Hospitalizations for kawasaki disease among children in the United States, 1988–1997. Pediatrics. 2002;109:e87 6 10.1542/peds.109.6.e87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Printz BF, Sleeper LA, Newburger JW, et al. Noncoronary cardiac abnormalities are associated with coronary artery dilation and with laboratory inflammatory markers in acute kawasaki disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57(1):86. doi: 10.1016/J.JACC.2010.08.619
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chbeir D, Gaschignard J, Bonnefoy R, et al. Kawasaki disease: abnormal initial echocardiogram is associated with resistance to IV ig and development of coronary artery lesions. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2018;16(1):48. doi: 10.1186/S12969-018-0264-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schexnayder AG, Tang X, Collins RT, et al. Pericardial effusion in children admitted with kawasaki disease: a multicenter retrospective cohort study from the pediatric health information system. Clin Pediatr. 2021;60:9–15. 10.1177/0009922820927021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lega JC, Bozio A, Cimaz R, et al. Extracoronary echocardiographic findings as predictors of coronary artery lesions in the initial phase of Kawasaki disease. Arch Dis Child. 2013;98(2):97–102. doi: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2011-301256
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanegaye JT, Wilder MS, Molkara D, et al. Recognition of a kawasaki disease shock syndrome. Pediatrics. 2009;123(5):e783. doi: 10.1542/PEDS.2008-1871
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar