Literature Cited
- Alderman, D. 2021. On the disciplinary achievement gap: Implications of social disparities in NAEP student outcomes for diversity and decolonization in geography education. Journal of Geography 120 (6):244–48. doi: 10.1080/00221341.2021.1968472.
- Anonymous. 1996. College-bound Black students are slowly advancing in Advanced Placement tests. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 11 (Spring):6–9. doi: 10.2307/2963276.
- Anonymous. 2010. More Blacks are competing in Advanced Placement programs, but the large racial scoring gap persists. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 67 (Spring):76–80.
- Brysch, C. P. 2014. Status of geography education in the United States: A report for the National Geographic Society Education Foundation. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society. Accessed December 13, 2021. https://gato-docs.its.txstate.edu/jcr:42d98ff7-42d2-418c-b14a-55f288f9d99c/State_of_Geography_Report.pdf.
- College Board. 2011. The 7th annual AP® report to the nation. New York: College Board. Accessed December 13, 2021. https://secure-media.collegeboard.org/digitalServices/pdf/research/7th-annual-ap-report-to-the-nation.pdf.
- College Board. 2021. AP archived data. Accessed March 26, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220123180904/https://research.collegeboard.org/programs/ap/data/archived.
- College Board. 2023. AP Human Geography past exam questions: Free-response questions. Accessed May 3, 2023. https://apcentral.collegeboard.org/courses/ap-human-geography/exam/past-exam-questions.
- Finn, C. E., Jr. 2020. AP versus the excellence gap. Thomas Fordham Institute Flypaper, February 12, 2020. Accessed January 23, 2022. https://fordhaminstitute.org/national/commentary/ap-versus-excellence-gap.
- Finn, C. E., Jr., and A. E. Scanlan. 2019. Learning in the fast lane: The past, present, and future of Advanced Placement. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Jones, M. C., and M. Luna. 2019. Geography deserts: State and regional variation in the formal opportunity to learn geography in the United States, 2005–2015. Journal of Geography 118 (2):88–100. doi: 10.1080/00221341.2018.1521463.
- Kaplan, D. 2019. Should we be worried? Or how to maintain and expand the number of geographers in our schools. AAG Newsletter, July. Accessed July 4, 2023. https://www.aag.org/should-we-be-worried-or-how-to-maintain-and-expand-the-number-of-geographers-in-our-schools/. doi: 10.14433/2017.0056.
- Kaplan, D. 2021. Geography’s position in education today. The Professional Geographer 73 (4):608–18. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2021.1906922.
- Kolluri, S. 2018. Advanced Placement: The dual challenge of equal access and effectiveness. Review of Educational Research 88 (5):671–711. doi: 10.3102/00346543187872.
- Lanegran, D., and D. Zeigler. 2016. Advanced Placement ® Human Geography: Looking back and looking ahead. Journal of Geography 115 (3):90–94. doi: 10.1080/00221341.2015.1085072.
- McClure, C., and J. Zadrozny. 2015. Social studies and geography survey for middle and high schools—2015. San Marcos, TX: Gilbert Grosvenor Center for Geographic Education. Accessed December 13, 2021. https://gato-docs.its.txstate.edu/jcr:199a41d1-ebce-4d0b-83d3-b2d0e116a6b0/Final%20Report_2015-2016.pdf.
- Murphy, A. 1998. Advanced Placement geography: Opportunities and challenges for geographers. Journal of Geography 97 (3):132–36. doi: 10.1080/00221349808978837.
- Murphy, A. 2018. Geography—Why it matters. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
- Office of Management and Budget. 1997. Revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Federal Register 62 (210):58782–90.
- Parker, W. C., J. Lo, A. J. Yeo, S. W. Valencia, D. Nguyen, R. D. Abbott, S. B. Nolen, J. D. Bransford, and N. J. Vye. 2013. Beyond breadth-speed test: Toward deeper knowing and engagement in an Advanced Placement course. American Educational Research Journal 50 (6):1424–59. doi: 10.3102/00028312135042.
- Paulus, L., and K. Nolan. 2021. Geography achievement and opportunity to learn: A focus on curriculum organization and content. Journal of Geography 120 (6):212–17. doi: 10.1080/00221341.2021.2001030.
- Rom, M. C. 2020. Diversifying AP. Inside Higher Ed, October 12. Accessed December 14, 2021. https://www.insidehighered.com/admissions/views/2020/10/12/ap-program-has-made-real-progress-diversity-opinion.
- Sadler, P. M., G. Sonnert, R. H. Tai, and K. Klopfenstein, eds. 2010. AP: A critical examination of the Advanced Placement program. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
- Solem, M. 2023. Geography achievement and future geographers. The Professional Geographer 75 (2):207–19. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2022.2081227.
- Solem, M., J. Boehm, and R. G. Zadrozny. 2021. Advanced Placement Human Geography: Time for a reappraisal? AAG Newsletter, December 14. Accessed July 4, 2023. https://www.aag.org/advanced-placement-human-geography-time-for-a-reappraisal/. doi: 10.14433/2017.0105.
- Solem, M., P. Vaughan, C. Savage, and A. S. De Nadai. 2021. Student- and school-level predictors of geography achievement in the United States, 1994–2018. Journal of Geography 120 (6):201–11. doi: 10.1080/00221341.2021.2000009.
- Stoltman, J. P. 2021. NAEP geography: What was expected and what was learned. Journal of Geography 120 (6):239–43. doi: 10.1080/00221341.2021.1967424.
- U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2015. K–12 education: Most eighth grade students are not proficient in geography. Accessed January 23, 2022. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-16-7.
- Zadrozny, J. 2017. Social studies and geography survey for middle and high schools—2017. San Marcos, TX: Gilbert Grosvenor Center for Geographic Education. Accessed December 13, 2021. https://gato-docs.its.txstate.edu/jcr:172b6cf0-224c-41ac-ae27-a41edda6a3b9/Social%20Studies%20Survey%202017-18.pdf.
- Zadrozny, J. 2021. Social studies and geography survey for middle and high schools—2020–2021. San Marcos, TX: Gilbert Grosvenor Center for Geographic Education. Accessed January 23, 2022. https://gato-docs.its.txstate.edu/jcr:032c4e49-7dd9-4fd2-8b2f-58f2d5803b95/Social%20Studies%20Survey%202020.pdf.