77
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Improving the Understanding of the U.S. Urban Racial Geography and Its Temporal Change Using the Racial Landscape Method

Pages 194-206 | Received 06 Aug 2022, Accepted 02 Oct 2023, Published online: 05 Feb 2024

Literature Cited

  • Bader, M. D., and S. Warkentien. 2016. The fragmented evolution of racial integration since the civil rights movements. Sociological Science 3:135–64. doi: 10.15195/v3.a8.
  • Bellman, B., S. E. Spielman, and S. R. Franklin. 2018. Local population change and variations in racial integration in the United States, 2000–2010. International Regional Science Review 41 (2):233–55. doi: 10.1177/0160017616665669.
  • Chipman, J., R. Wright, S. Holloway, and M. Ellis. 2009–2023. Mixed-Metro.US: Mapping diversity and segregation in the USA. https://mixedmetro.com/.
  • Dmowska, A. 2019. Dasymetric modelling of population distribution—Large data approach. Quaestiones Geographicae 38 (1):15–27. doi: 10.2478/quageo-2019-0008.
  • Dmowska, A., and T. F. Stepinski. 2017. A high resolution population grid for the conterminous United States: The 2010 edition. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 61:13–23. doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.08.006.
  • Dmowska, A., and T. F. Stepinski. 2019. Racial dot maps based on dasymetrically modeled gridded population data. Social Sciences 8 (5):157. doi: 10.3390/socsci8050157.
  • Dmowska, A., T. F. Stepinski, and P. Netzel. 2017. Comprehensive framework for visualizing and analyzing spatio-temporal dynamics of racial diversity in the entire United States. PLoS ONE 12 (3):e0174993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174993.
  • Dmowska, A., T. F. Stepinski, and J. Nowosad. 2020. Racial landscapes—A pattern-based, zoneless method for analysis and visualization of racial topography. Applied Geography 122:102239. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102239.
  • Elbers, B. 2021. Trends in US residential racial segregation, 1990 to 2020. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7:237802312110539. doi: 10.1177/23780231211053982.
  • Farrell, C. R. 2008. Bifurcation, fragmentation or integration? The racial and geographical structure of US metropolitan segregation, 1990–2000. Urban Studies 45 (3):467–99. doi: 10.1177/0042098007087332.
  • Farrell, C. R., and B. A. Lee. 2011. Racial diversity and change in metropolitan neighborhoods. Social Science Research 40 (4):1108–23. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2011.04.003.
  • Fasenfest, D., J. Booza, and K. Metzger. 2004. Living together: A new look at racial and ethnic integration in metropolitan neighborhoods, 1990–2000. Washington, DC: Brookings.
  • Fischer, M. J. 2003. The relative importance of income and race in determining residential outcomes in US urban areas, 1970–2000. Urban Affairs Review 38 (5):669–96. doi: 10.1177/1078087403038005003.
  • Fowler, C. S., B. A. Lee, and S. A. Matthews. 2016. The contributions of places to metropolitan ethnoracial diversity and segregation: Decomposing change across space and time. Demography 53 (6):1955–77. doi: 10.1007/s13524-016-0517-3.
  • Frey, W. H. 2004. The new great migration: Black Americans’ return to the South, 1965–2000. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.
  • Frey, W. H. 2022. A 2020 census portrait of America’s largest metro areas: Population growth, diversity, segregation, and youth. Washington, DC: Brookings Mountain West.
  • Georgati, M., and C. Keßler. 2021. Spatially explicit population projections: The case of Copenhagen, Denmark. AGILE: GIScience Series 2:1–6. doi: 10.5194/agile-giss-2-28-2021.
  • Hill, M. O. 1973. Diversity and evenness: A unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54 (2):427–32. doi: 10.2307/1934352.
  • Holloway, S. R., R. Wright, and M. Ellis. 2012. The racially fragmented city? Neighborhood racial segregation and diversity jointly considered. The Professional Geographer 64 (1):63–82. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2011.585080.
  • Iceland, J. 2004. Beyond Black and White: Metropolitan residential segregation in multi-ethnic America. Social Science Research 33 (2):248–71. doi: 10.1016/S0049-089X(03)00056-5.
  • Iceland, J., D. Weinberg, and E. Steinmetz. 2002. Racial and ethnic residential segregation in the United States: 1980–2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census.
  • Jones, K., R. Johnston, D. Manley, D. Owen, and C. Charlton. 2015. Ethnic residential segregation: A multilevel, multigroup, multiscale approach exemplified by London in 2011. Demography 52 (6):1995–2019. doi: 10.1007/s13524-015-0430-1.
  • Kinkhabwala, Y. A., B. Barron, M. Hall, T. A. Arias, and I. Cohen. 2021. Forecasting racial dynamics at the neighborhood scale using density-functional fluctuation theory. arXiv preprint arXiv:2108.04084.
  • Lee, B. A., J. Iceland, and C. R. Farrell. 2014. Is ethnoracial residential integration on the rise? Evidence from metropolitan and micropolitan America since 1980. In Diversity and disparities: America enters a new century, 415–56. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Manley, D., K. Jones, and R. Johnston. 2019. Multiscale segregation: Multilevel modeling of dissimilarity—Challenging the stylized fact that segregation is greater the finer the spatial scale. The Professional Geographer 71 (3):566–78. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2019.1578977.
  • Manson, S. M. 2021. IPUMS national historical geographic information system: Version 16.0. Minneapolis, MN: IPUMS.
  • Owen, G., D. Manley, R. Johnston, T. Birabi, H. Song, and B. Wang. 2021. Multi-scale inequality and segregation: Theory and estimation. In Urban inequality and segregation in Europe and China: Towards a new dialogue, ed. G. Price, Y. P. Wang, Y. Chen, J. Shan, and H, Wei, 207–31. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.
  • Reardon, S. F., and D. O’Sullivan. 2004. Measures of spatial segregation. Sociological Methodology 34 (1):121–62. doi: 10.1111/j.0081-1750.2004.00150.x.
  • Roth, R. E. 2010. Dot density maps. In The encyclopedia of geography, ed. B. Warf, 787–90. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Shannon, C. E. 1948. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal 27 (3):379–423. doi: 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x.
  • Stepinski, T. F., and A. Dmowska. 2022. Machine-learning models for spatially-explicit forecasting of future racial segregation in US cities. Machine Learning with Applications 9:100359. doi: 10.1016/j.mlwa.2022.100359.
  • Theil, H. 1972. Statistical decomposition analysis: With applications in the social and administrative sciences. Amsterdam: North-Holland.
  • Theil, H., and A. J. Finizza. 1971. A note on the measurement of racial integration of schools by means of informational concepts. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology 1 (2):187–93.
  • Wong, D. W. 2002. Modeling local segregation: A spatial interaction approach. Geographical and Environmental Modelling 6 (1):81–97. doi: 10.1080/13615930220127305.
  • Wong, D. W. 2004. Comparing traditional and spatial segregation measures: A spatial scale perspective. Urban Geography 25 (1):66–82. doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.25.1.66.
  • Wright, R., M. Ellis, S. R. Holloway, and S. Wong. 2014. Patterns of racial diversity and segregation in the United States: 1990–2010. The Professional Geographer 66 (2):173–82. doi: 10.1080/00330124.2012.735924.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.