Serum ionized magnesium and calcium levels in adult patients with seizures

References

• Schachter S. C. Iatrogenic seizures. Neurol Clin 1998; 16: 157–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gutierrez‐Delicado E., Serratosa J. M. Genetics of the epilepsies. Curr Opin Neurol 2004; 17: 147–53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krumholz A., Grufferman S., Orr S. T., Stern B. J. Seizures and seizure care in an emergency department. Epilepsia 1989; 30: 175–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Placidi F., Floris R., Bozzao A., Romigi A., Baviera M. E., Tombini M., et al. Ketotic hyperglycemia and epilepsia partialis continua. Neurology 2001; 57: 534–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwechter E. M., Veliskova J., Velisek L. Correlation between extracellular glucose and seizure susceptibility in adult rats. Ann Neurol 2003; 53: 91–101
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frucht M. M., Quigg M., Schwaner C., Fountain N. B. Distribution of seizure precipitants among epilepsy syndromes. Epilepsia 2000; 41: 1534–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spector S., Cull C., Goldstein L. H. Seizure precipitants and perceived self‐control of seizures in adults with poorly‐controlled epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2000; 38: 207–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ault B., Evans R. H., Francis A. A., Oakes D. J., Watkins J. C. Selective depression of excitatory amino acid induced depolarizations by magnesium ions in isolated spinal cord preparations. J Physiol 1980; 307: 413–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hallak M. Effect of parenteral magnesium sulfate administration on excitatory amino acid receptors in the rat brain. Magnes Res 1998; 11: 117–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mathern G. W., Pretorius J. K., Mendoza D., Lozada A., Leite J. P., Chimelli L., et al. Increased hippocampal AMPA and NMDA receptor subunit immunoreactivity in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1998; 57: 615–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikuni N., Babb T. L., Ying Z., Najm I., Nishiyama K., Wylie C., et al. NMDA‐receptors 1 and 2A/B coassembly increased in human epileptic focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia 1999; 40: 1683–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• MacDermott A. B., Mayer M. L., Westbrook G. L., Smith S. J., Barker J. L. NMDA‐receptor activation increases cytoplasmic calcium concentration in cultured spinal cord neurones. Nature 1986; 321: 519–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLorenzo R. J., Limbrick D. D., Jr. Effects of glutamate on calcium influx and sequestration/extrusion mechanisms in hippocampal neurons. Adv Neurol 1996; 71: 37–46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeLorenzo R. J. A molecular approach to the calcium signal in brain: relationship to synaptic modulation and seizure discharge. Adv Neurol 1986; 44: 435–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heinemann U., Hamon B. Calcium and epileptogenesis. Exp Brain Res 1986; 65: 1–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaistitwanich R., Mahoney A. W., Hendricks D. G., Sisson D. V. Dietary calcium and phosphorus and seizure susceptibility of magnesium‐deficient rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1987; 27: 443–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Powers R. D. Serum chemistry abnormalities in adult patients with seizures. Ann Emerg Med 1985; 14: 416–20
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nypaver M. M., Reynolds S. L., Tanz R. R., Davis A. T. Emergency department laboratory evaluation of children with seizures: dogma or dilemma?. Pediatr Emerg Care 1992; 8: 13–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mauskop A., Altura B. T., Cracco R. Q., Altura B. M. Deficiency in serum ionized magnesium but not total magnesium in patients with migraines. Possible role of ICa2+/IMg2+ ratio. Headache 1993; 33: 135–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altura B. T., Bertschat F., Jeremias A., Ising H., Altura B. M. Comparative findings on serum IMg2+ of normal and diseased human subjects with the NOVA and KONE ISE's for Mg2+. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994, Suppl 217: 77–81
   Google Scholar
• Resnick L. M., Altura B. T., Gupta R. K., Laragh J. H., Alderman M. H., Altura B. M. Intracellular and extracellular magnesium depletion in type 2 (non‐insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1993; 36: 767–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altura B. T., Altura B. M. Measurement of ionized magnesium in whole blood, plasma and serum with a new ion‐selective electrode in healthy and diseased human subjects. Magnes Trace Elem 1991; 10: 90–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altura B. T., Shirey T. L., Young C. C., Dell'Orfano K., Hiti J., Welsh R., et al. Characterization of a new ion selective electrode for ionized magnesium in whole blood, plasma, serum, and aqueous samples. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994; 21–36
   Google Scholar
• Kulpmann W. R., Dreier M. Drug interferences in the measurement of ionized magnesium in serum. The confluence of critical care analysis and near patient testing, P D'Orazio, N Fogh‐Andersen, L Larsson. Omnipress, MadisonWisconsi, USA 1988; 380
   Google Scholar
• Pavel O., Ghiran V., Muschevici D., Benga G. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of magnesium in epileptic children. J Neurol Sci 1985; 67: 29–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sood A. K., Handa R., Malhotra R. C., Gupta B. S. Serum, CSF, RBC & urinary levels of magnesium & calcium in idiopathic generalised tonic clonic seizures. Indian J Med Res 1993; 98: 152–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blyth A., Stewart M. J. Serum magnesium levels in patients treated with phenytoin. Clin Chim Acta 1975; 62: 305–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katz S. H., Gerstman I., Lautenbacher H. W., Hediger M. L. Failure to confirm anticonvulsant hypomagnesemia [letter]. Br Med J 1976; 1: 341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christiansen C., Nielsen S. P., Rodbro P. Anticonvulsant hypomagnesemia [letter]. Br Med J 1974; 1: 198–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altura B. M., Lewenstom A. Unique magnesium ion selective electrodes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994; 1–100
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Seiler H. G., Sigel A. Determination of magnesium in biological materials. Metal ions in biological systems. Vol. 26, H Sigel, A Sigel. Marcel Dekker, , New Jersey 1990; 611–24
   Google Scholar
• Bock J. L., Crull G. B., Wishnia A., Springer C. S., Jr. 25Mg NMR studies of magnesium binding to erythrocyte constituents. J Inorg Biochem 1991; 44: 79–87
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kolar Z. I., Van der Velden J. A. 27Mg2+ and 28Mg2+ preparation and use of radiotracers in magnesium physiology oriented studies. Magnesium: a relevant ion, B Lasserre, J Durlach. John Libbey, London 1992; 299–306
   Google Scholar
• Mota De Freitas D., Douris E. Techniques for measuring magnesium in tissues from hypertensive, psychotic, and neurological patients. Magnesium and the cell, N. J Birch. John Libbey, London 1993; 51–79
   Google Scholar
• Miyamoto A., Kanda J., Haruta T., Nishio A. Stability of free Mg2+ concentration and increased concentration of free Ca2+ in vascular smooth muscle cells during dietary magnesium deficiency in rat. Magnes Res 1996; 9: 101–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altura B. M. Introduction: importance of Mg in physiology and medicine and the need for ion selective electrodes. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994, Suppl 217: 5–9
   Google Scholar
• Goldman R. S., Finkbeiner S. M. Therapeutic use of magnesium sulfate in selected cases of cerebral ischemia and seizure. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1224–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herron C. E., Lester R. A., Coan E. J., Collingridge G. L. Frequency‐dependent involvement of NMDA receptors in the hippocampus: a novel synaptic mechanism. Nature 1986; 322: 265–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris E. W., Ganong A. H., Cotman C. W. Long‐term potentiation in the hippocampus involves activation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors. Brain Res 1984; 323: 132–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardingham G. E., Arnold F. J., Bading H. A calcium microdomain near NMDA receptors: on switch for ERK‐dependent synapse‐to‐nucleus communication. Nat Neurosci 2001; 4: 565–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang A., Fan S. H., Cheng T. P., Altura B. T., Wong R. K., Altura B. M. Extracellular Mg2+ modulates intracellular Ca2+ in acutely isolated hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells of the guinea‐pig. Brain Res 1996; 728: 204–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altura B. T., Memon Z. I., Zhang A., Cheng T. P., Silverman R., Cracco R. Q., et al. Low levels of serum ionized magnesium are found in patients early after stroke which result in rapid elevation in cytosolic free calcium and spasm in cerebral vascular muscle cells. Neurosci Lett 1997; 230: 37–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Memon Z. I., Altura B. T., Benjamin J. L., Cracco R. Q., Altura B. M. Predictive value of serum ionized but not total magnesium levels in head injuries. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1995; 55: 671–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauskop A., Altura B. T., Cracco R. Q., Altura B. M. Intravenous magnesium sulphate relieves migraine attacks in patients with low serum ionized magnesium levels: a pilot study. Clin Sci (Lond) 1995; 89: 633–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar