The association of HDL cholesterol concentration with the −629C>A CETP promoter polymorphism is not fully explained by its relationship with plasma cholesteryl ester transfer

References

• Tall A. R. Plasma high density lipoproteins. Metabolism and relationship to atherogenesis. J Clin Invest 1990; 86: 379–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fielding C. J., Fielding P. E. Molecular physiology of reverse cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res 1995; 36: 211–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borggreve S. E., De Vries R., Dullaart R. P. F. Alterations in high‐density lipoprotein metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus: role of lipolytic enzymes, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase and lipid transfer proteins. Eur J Clin Invest 2003; 33: 1051–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tall A. R. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J Lipid Res 1993; 34: 1255–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirano K., Yamashita S., Nakajima N., Arai T., Maruyama T., Yoshida Y., et al. Genetic cholesteryl ester transfer protein deficiency is extremely frequent in the Omagari area of Japan. Marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia caused by CETP gene mutation is not associated with longevity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 1053–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brousseau M. E., Schaefer E. J., Wolfe M. L., Bloedon L. T., Digenio A. G., Clark R. W., et al. Effects of an inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein on HDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1505–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann C. J., Yen F. T., Grant A. M., Bihain B. E. Mechanism of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Invest 1991; 88: 2059–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries R., Perton F. G., Dallinga‐Thie G. M., van Roon A. M., Wolffenbuttel B. H. R., van Tol A., et al. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer is a determinant of intima‐media thickness in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects: role of CETP and triglycerides. Diabetes 2005; 54: 3554–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boekholdt S. M., Thompson J. F. Natural genetic variation as a tool in understanding the role of CETP in lipid levels and disease. J Lipid Res 2003; 44: 1080–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borggreve S. E., Hillege H. L., Wolffenbuttel B. H., de Jong P. E., Bakker S. J., van der Steege G., et al. The effect of CETP −629C>A promoter polymorphism on HDL cholesterol is dependent on serum triglycerides. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 4198–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boekholdt S. M., Sacks F. M., Jukema J. W., Shepherd J., Freeman D. J., McMahon A. D., et al. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein TaqIB variant, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, cardiovascular risk, and efficacy of pravastatin treatment: individual patient meta‐analysis of 13,677 subjects. Circulation 2005; 111: 278–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fumeron F., Betoulle D., Luc G., Behague I., Ricard S., Poirier O., et al. Alcohol intake modulates the effect of a polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene on plasma high density lipoprotein and the risk of myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 1995; 96: 1664–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dachet C., Poirier O., Cambien F., Chapman J., Rouis M. New functional promoter polymorphism, CETP/−629, in cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene related to CETP mass and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Role of Sp1/Sp3 in transcriptional regulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 507–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Venrooij F. V., Stolk R. P., Banga J. D., Sijmonsma T. P., van Tol A., Erkelens D. W., et al. Common cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene polymorphisms and the effect of atorvastatin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 1216–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klerkx A. H., Tanck M. W., Kastelein J. J., Molhuizen H. O., Jukema J. W., Zwinderman A. H., et al. Haplotype analysis of the CETP gene: not TaqIB, but the closely linked −629C−>A polymorphism and a novel promoter variant are independently associated with CETP concentration. Hum Mol Genet 2003; 12: 111–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frisdal E., Klerkx A. H., Le G. W., Tanck M. W., Lagarde J. P., Jukema J. W., et al. Functional interaction between −629C/A, −971G/A and −1337C/T polymorphisms in the CETP gene is a major determinant of promoter activity and plasma CETP concentration in the REGRESS Study. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14: 2607–18
   Google Scholar
• Bernard S., Moulin P., Lagrost L., Picard S., Elchebly M., Ponsin G., et al. Association between plasma HDL‐cholesterol concentration and Taq1B CETP gene polymorphism in non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. J Lipid Res 1998; 39: 59–65
   Google Scholar
• Marschang P., Sandhofer A., Ritsch A., Fiser I., Kvas E., Patsch J. R. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein concentrations predict cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease treated with pravastatin. J Intern Med 2006; 260: 151–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemeijer‐Kanters S. D. J. M., Dallinga‐Thie G. M., Ruijter‐Heijstek F. C., Algra A., Erkelens D. W., Banga J. D., et al. Effect of intensive lipid‐lowering strategy on low‐density lipoprotein particle size in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 2001; 156: 209–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Channon K. M., Clegg R. J., Bhatnagar D., Ishola M., Arrol S., Durrington P. N. Investigation of lipid transfer in human serum leading to the development of an isotopic method for the determination of endogenous cholesterol esterification and transfer. Atherosclerosis 1990; 80: 217–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dullaart R. P., Riemens S. C., Scheek L. M., Van T. A. Insulin decreases plasma cholesteryl ester transfer but not cholesterol esterification in healthy subjects as well as in normotriglyceridaemic patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 1999; 29: 663–71
   Google Scholar
• Sutherland W. H., Walker R. J., Lewis‐Barned N. J., Pratt H., Tillman H. C. Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer in patients with non‐insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 1994; 231: 29–38
   Google Scholar
• Dullaart R. P. F., De Vries R., Scheek L., Borggreve S. E., van Gent T., Dallinga‐Thie G. M., et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with differential effects on plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein and phospholipid transfer protein activities and concentrations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2004; 64: 205–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passarelli M., Catanozi S., Nakandakare E. R., Rocha J. C., Morton R. E., Shimabukuro A. F. M., et al. Plasma lipoproteins from patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and “in vitro” glycation of lipoproteins enhance the transfer rate of cholesteryl ester from HDL to apo‐B‐ containing lipoproteins. Diabetologia 1997; 40: 1085–93
   Google Scholar
• MacLean P. S., Vadlamudi S., MacDonald K. G., Pories W. J., Barakat H. A. Suppression of hepatic cholesteryl ester transfer protein expression in obese humans with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90: 2250–8
   Google Scholar
• Zhang Z., Yamashita S., Hirano K., Nakagawa‐Toyama Y., Matsuyama A., Nishida M., et al. Expression of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in human atherosclerotic lesions and its implication in reverse cholesterol transport. Atherosclerosis 2001; 159: 67–75
   Google Scholar
• Dullaart R. P. F., Borggreve S. E., De Vries R., Groen A. K., van Tol A. Ability of plasma to promote cholesterol efflux out of fibroblasts is associated with the −629C>A cholesteryl ester transfer promoter polymorphism. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37: A10
   Google Scholar
• Gauthier A., Lau P., Zha X., Milne R., McPherson R. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein directly mediates selective uptake of high density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters by the liver. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 2177–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ordovas J. M., Cupples L. A., Corella D., Otvos J. D., Osgood D., Martinez A., et al. Association of cholesteryl eater transfer protein‐TaqIB polymorphism with variations in lipoprotein subclasses and coronary heart disease risk: The Framingham study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20: 1323–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein O., Stein Y. Lipid transfer proteins (LTP) and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2005; 178: 217–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Borggreve S. E., Hillege H. L., Wolffenbuttel B. H., de Jong P. E., Zuurman M. W., van der S. G., et al. An increased coronary risk is paradoxically associated with common cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene variations that relate to higher high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol: a population‐based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3382–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dullaart R. P., Dallinga‐Thie G. M., Wolffenbuttel B. H., van Tol A. CETP inhibition in cardiovascular risk management: a critical appraisal. Eur J Clin Invest 2007; 37: 90–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tall A. R., Yvan‐Charvet L., Wang N. The failure of torcetrapib: was it the molecule or the mechanism?. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27: 257–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman D. J., Griffin B. A., Holmes A. P., Lindsay G. M., Gaffney D., Packard C. J., et al. Regulation of plasma HDL cholesterol and subfraction distribution by genetic and environmental factors. Associations between the TaqI B RFLP in the CETP gene and smoking and obesity. Arterioscler Thromb 1994; 14: 336–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barzilai N., Atzmon G., Schechter C., Schaefer E. J., Cupples A. L., Lipton R., et al. Unique lipoprotein phenotype and genotype associated with exceptional longevity. J Am Med Assoc 2003; 290: 2030–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar