Biological variation and reference change values of CA 19‐9, CEA, AFP in serum of healthy individuals

References

• Sturgeon C. Practice guidelines for tumor marker use in the clinic. Clin Chem 2002; 48: 1151–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fleisher M., Dnistrian A. M., Sturgeon C. M., Lamerz R., Wittliff J. L. Practice guidelines and recommendations for use of tumor markers in the clinic. Tumor markers. Physiology, pathobiology, technology and clinical applications, E. P Diamandis, H. A Fritsche, H Lilja, D. W Chan, M. K Schwartz. AACC Press, D.C., Washington 2002; 33–63, 1st edn
   Google Scholar
• Duffy M. J. Serum tumor markers in breast cancer: are they of clinical value?. Clin Chem 2006; 52: 345–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuxen M. K., Söletormos G., Petersen P. H., Schioler V., Dombernowsky P. Assessment of biological variation and analytical imprecision of CA 125, CEA and TPA in relation to monitoring of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 74: 12–22
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vastag B. Testicular cancer seen as ‘stalking horse’ for other cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91: 1801–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• International germ cell cancer collaborative group (IGCCCG). International germ cell consensus classification: a prognostic factor‐based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 594–603
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gold P., Freedman S. O. Specific carcinoembryonic antigen of human digestive system. J Exp Med 1965; 122: 467–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsavaris N., Vonorta K., Tsoutsos H., Kozatsani‐Halividi D., Mylonakis N., Papagrigorion D., et al. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha‐fetoprotein, CA 19‐9 and CA 125 in advanced colorectal cancer (ACC). Int J Biol Markers 1993; 8: 88–93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chevinsky A. H. CEA in tumors of other than colorectal origin. Semin Surg Oncol 1991; 7: 162–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gold P., Freedman S. O. Demonstration of tumor‐specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. J Exp Med 1965; 121: 439–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia M., Seigner C., Bastid C., Choux R., Payan M. J., Reggio H. Carcinoembryonic antigen has a different molecular weight in normal colon and in cancer cells due to N‐glycosylation differences. Cancer Res 1991; 51: 5679–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duk J. M., Aalders J. G., Fleuren G. J., De Bruijn H. W. A. CA 125: A useful marker in endometrial carcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986; 155: 1097–102
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Passerini R., Riggio D., Salvatici M., Zorzino L., Racide D., Sandri M. T. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007; 45: 100–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberg W. The clinical utility of the CA 19‐9 tumor associated antigen. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85: 350–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundin J., Roberts P. J., Kuusela P., Haglund C. The prognostic value of preoperative serum levels of CA 19‐9 and CEA in patients with pancreatic cancer. Br J Cancer 1994; 69: 515–19
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fraser C. G., Hyltoft Petersen P., Larsen M. L. Setting analytical goals for random analytical errror in specific clinical monitoring situations. Clin Chem 1990; 36: 1625–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris E. K. Effects of intra‐ and interindividual variation on the appropriate use of normal intervals. Clin Chem 1974; 20: 1535–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser C. G. Desirable performance standards for clinical chemistry tests. Adv Clin Chem 1983; 23: 299–339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talwar D. K., Azharuddin M. K., Williamson C., Teoh Y. P., McMillan D. C., O'Reilly D. S. J. Biological variation of vitamins in blood of healthy individuals. Clin Chem 2005; 51: 2145–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westgard J. O., Groth T. Design and evaluation of statistical control procedures: application of a computer ‘quality control simulator’ program. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 1536–45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yildirimkaya M. M., Bilgi C., Ozata M., Nazaroglu N. K., Gundogan M. A. Biological variation of serum lipids and lipoproteins in patients with clinically well controlled non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Endocrine J 1996; 43: 345–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraser C. G., Harris E. K. Generation and application of data on biological variation in clinical chemistry. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1989; 27: 409–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soletormos G., Nielsen D., Schioler V., Mouridssen H., Dombernowsky P. Monitoring different stages of breast cancer using tumor markers CA 15‐3, CEA and TPA. Eur J Cancer 2004; 40: 481–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soletormos G., Schioler V., Nielsen D., Skovsgaard T., Dombernowsky P. Interpretation of results for tumor markers on the basis of analytical imprecision and biological variation. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 2077–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biological variation: from principles to practice, C. G Fraser. AACC Press, Washington, D.C. 2001; 67–90
   Google Scholar
• Fraser C. G. Inherent biological variation and reference values. Clin Chem Lab Med 2004; 42: 758–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berek J. S., Bertelsen K., Du Bois A., Brady M. F., Carmichael J., Eisenhauer E. A., et al. Advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: 1998 consensus statements. Ann Oncol 1999; 10: S87–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plebani M., Giacomini A., Beghi L., de Paoli M., Roveroni G., Galeotti F., et al. Serum tumor markers in monitoring patients: interpretation of results using analytical and biological variation. Anticancer Res 1996; 16: 2249–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Browning M. C. K., McFarlane N. P. Objective interpretation of results for tumor markers. J Nucl Med Allied 1990; 34: 89–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vestergaard E. M., Hein H. O., Meyer., Grunnet N., Jorgensen J., Wolf H., et al. Reference values and biological variation for tumor marker CA 19‐9 in serum for different lewis and secretor genotypes and evaluation of secretor and lewis genotyping in a Caucasian population. Clin Chem 1999; 45: 54–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trape J., Botargues J. M., Porta F., Ricos C., Badal J. M., Salinas R., et al. Reference change value for alpha‐fetoprotein and its application in early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatic disease. Clin Chem 2003; 7: 1209–11
   Google Scholar
• Christiansen M., Høgdall C. K., Andersen J. R., Nørgaard‐Pedersen B. Alpha‐fetoprotein in plasma and serum of healthy adults: preanalytical, analytical and biological sources of variation and construction of age‐dependent reference intervals. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2001; 61: 205–15
   PubMedGoogle Scholar