References
- IDF. International Diabetes Federation: diabetes atlas – across the globe; 2018; [cited 2018 Apr 2]. Available from: http://www.diabetesatlas.org/across-the-globe.html
- Sahadew N, Singaram V, Brown S. Distribution, incidence, prevalence and default of patients with diabetes mellitus accessing public healthcare in the 11 districts of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: research. S Afr Med J. 2016;106:389–393.
- Pillay S, Aldous C. Introducing a multifaceted approach to the management of diabetes mellitus in resource-limited settings. S Afr Med J. 2016;106:456–458.
- Trevethan R. Subjecting the ankle-brachial index to timely scrutiny: is it time to say goodbye to the ABI? Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2018;78:94–101.
- Hinchliffe RJ, Brownrigg JRW, Apelqvist J, et al. IWGDF guidance on the diagnosis, prognosis and management of peripheral artery disease in patients with ulcers in diaetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2016;32(Suppl 1):37–44.
- Tehan P, Bray A, Keech R,et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the toe brachial index for detecting peripheral arterial disease:initial findings. J Ultrasound Med. 2015;34:1737–1743.
- Crawford F, Welch K, Andras A, et al. Ankle brachial index for the diagnosis of lower limb peripheral arterial disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016.
- Rhee SY, Guan H, Liu ZM, et al. Multi-country study on the prevalence and clinical features of peripheral arterial disease in Asian type 2 diabetes patients at high risk of atherosclerosis. Diab Res Clin Pract. 2007;76:82–92.
- Sosale B, Reddy YJV, Nagbhushana MV, et al. Peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in South India: the urban vs rural divide. J Acad Med Sci. 2012;2:105–109. Art. No. CD010680. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010680.pub2.
- Guan H, Li Y, Xu Z, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in diabetic patients over 50 years old in China. Chin Med Sci J. 2007;22:83–88.
- Ghosh US, Datta S, Banerjee S. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence patterns and risk factor associations. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2011;31:229–238.
- Zhang X, Ran X, Xu Z, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of lower extremity arterial disease in Chinese diabetes patients at high risk: a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study. J Diab Complications. 2018;32:150–156.
- Eshcol J, Jebarani S, Anjana RM, et al. Prevalence, incidence and progression of peripheral arterial disease in Asian Indian type 2 diabetic patients. J Diab Complications. 2014;28:627–631.
- Li X, Wang Y, Yang X, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for abnormal ankle-brachial index in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes. 2012;4:140–146.
- Mohan V, Premalatha G, Sastry NG. Peripheral vascular disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in South India. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995;27:235–240.
- Narayanan RML, Koh W, Phang J, et al. Peripheral arterial disease in community-based patients with diabetes in Singapore: results from a Primary Healthcare Study. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2010;39:525–527.
- Wang L, Du F, Mao H, et al. Prevalence and related risk factors of peripheral arterial disease in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes in Wuhan, Central China. Chin Med J. 2011;124:4264–4268.
- Yeboah K, Puplampu P, Ainuson J, et al. Peripheral artery disease and exertional leg symptoms in diabetes patients in Ghana. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16:68.
- Okello S, Millard A, Owori R, et al. Prevalence of lower extremity peripheral artery disease among adult diabetes patients in southwestern Uganda. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2014;14:75.
- Mugambi-Nturibi E, Otieno CF, Kwasa TOO, et al. Stratification of persons with diabetes into risk categories for foot ulceration. East Afr Med J. 2009;86:233–239.
- Umuerri EM, Obasohan AO. Lower extremity peripheral artery disease: prevalence and risk factors among adult Nigerians with diabetes mellitus. West Afr J Med. 2013;32:200–205.