8,893
Views
16
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

New reference intervals for cortisol, cortisol binding globulin and free cortisol index in women using ethinyl estradiol

ORCID Icon, , , , , , & show all
Pages 314-319 | Received 29 Oct 2018, Accepted 18 May 2019, Published online: 04 Jun 2019

References

  • Keenan DM, Roelfsema F, Veldhuis JD. Endogenous ACTH concentration-dependent drive of pulsatile cortisol secretion in the human. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287:E652–E6561.
  • Cobey F, Leone L, Taliaferro I. Effect of diethylstilbestrol on plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroid levels in humans. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1956;92:742.
  • Brien TG. Cortisol metabolism after oral contraceptives: total plasma cortisol and the free cortisol index. BJOG. 1975;82:987–991.
  • Vibarel-Rebot N, Rieth N, Lasne F, et al. Oral contraceptive use and saliva diurnal pattern of metabolic steroid hormones in young healthy women. Contraception. 2015;91:245–247.
  • Kirschbaum C, Kudielka BM, Gaab J, et al. Impact of gender, menstrual cycle phase, and oral contraceptives on the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Psychosom Med. 1999;61:154–162.
  • Westhoff CL, Pike MC, Tang R, et al. Estimating systemic exposure to ethinyl estradiol from an oral contraceptive. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212:614.e1–e7.
  • Agren UM, Anttila M, Maenpaa-Liukko K, et al. Effects of a monophasic combined oral contraceptive containing nomegestrol acetate and 17beta-oestradiol compared with one containing levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol on haemostasis, lipids and carbohydrate metabolism. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011;16:444–457.
  • Westhoff CL, Petrie KA, Cremers S. Using changes in binding globulins to assess oral contraceptive compliance. Contraception. 2013;87:176–181.
  • Mitchell E, Torpy DJ, Bagley CJ. Pregnancy-associated corticosteroid-binding globulin: high resolution separation of glycan isoforms. Horm Metab Res. 2004;36:357–359.
  • Hossner KL, Billiar RB. Plasma clearance and organ distribution of native and desialylated rat and human transcortin: species specificity. Endocrinology. 1981;108:1780–1786.
  • Mendel CM. The free hormone hypothesis: a physiologically based mathematical model. Endocr Rev. 1989;10:232–274.
  • Tait JF, Tait SA. The effect of plasma protein binding on the metabolism of steroid hormones. J Endocrinol. 1991;131:339–357.
  • Kisseleva EP, Vashkevich II, Avvakumov GV, et al. Transcortin does not restrict the transmembrane transfer of cortisol. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990;173:961–966.
  • Hammond GL, Langley MS. Identification and measurement of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) in human saliva. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1986;112:603–608.
  • Miler M, Simundic AM. Low level of adherence to instructions for 24-hour urine collection among hospital outpatients. Biochem Med. 2013;23:316–320.
  • Coolens JL, Van Baelen H, Heyns W. Clinical use of unbound plasma cortisol as calculated from total cortisol and corticosteroid-binding globulin. J Steroid Biochem. 1987;26:197–202.
  • le Roux CW, Sivakumaran S, Alaghband-Zadeh J, et al. Free cortisol index as a surrogate marker for serum free cortisol. Ann Clin Biochem. 2002;39:406–408.
  • Mazer NA. A novel spreadsheet method for calculating the free serum concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol, estrone and cortisol: with illustrative examples from male and female populations. Steroids. 2009;74:512–519.
  • Dorin RI, Pai HK, Ho JT, et al. Validation of a simple method of estimating plasma free cortisol: role of cortisol binding to albumin. Clin Biochem. 2009;42:64–71.
  • Bonte HA, van den Hoven RJ, van der Sluijs Veer G, et al. The use of free cortisol index for laboratory assessment of pituitary-adrenal function. Clin Chem Lab Med. 1999;37:127–132.
  • Winkler UH, Sudik R. The effects of two monophasic oral contraceptives containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and either 2 mg of chlormadinone acetate or 0.15 mg of desogestrel on lipid, hormone and metabolic parameters. Contraception. 2009;79:15–23.
  • Boisseau N, Enea C, Diaz V, et al. Oral contraception but not menstrual cycle phase is associated with increased free cortisol levels and low hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity. J Endocrinol Invest. 2013;36:955–964.
  • Walker RF, Riad-Fahmy D, Read GF. Adrenal status assessed by direct radioimmunoassay of cortisol in whole saliva or parotid saliva. Clin Chem. 1978;24:1460–1463.
  • Baillot A, Vibarel-Rebot N, Thomasson R, et al. Serum and saliva adrenocortical hormones in obese diabetic men during submaximal exercise. Horm Metab Res. 2011;43:148–150.
  • Groschl M. Current status of salivary hormone analysis. Clin Chem. 2008;54:1759–1769.
  • Liening SH, Stanton SJ, Saini EK, et al. Salivary testosterone, cortisol, and progesterone: two-week stability, interhormone correlations, and effects of time of day, menstrual cycle, and oral contraceptive use on steroid hormone levels. Physiol Behav. 2010;99:8–16.
  • Solberg HE. The IFCC recommendation on estimation of reference intervals. The RefVal program. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004;42:710–714.
  • Wayne PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). "Defining, Establishing and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory; Approved Guideline - Third edition". CLSI document C28-A3c. 2008.
  • Carpenter J, Bithell J. Bootstrap confidence intervals: when, which, what? A practical guide for medical statisticians. Statist Med. 2000; 19:1141–1164.
  • Ricós C, Alvarez V, Cava F, et al. Current databases on biological variation: pros, cons and progress. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1999;59:491–500.
  • Cameron A, Henley D, Carrell R, et al. Temperature-responsive release of cortisol from its binding globulin: a protein thermocouple. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:468995.
  • Lewis JG, Bagley CJ, Elder PA, et al. Plasma free cortisol fraction reflects levels of functioning corticosteroid-binding globulin. Clin Chim Acta. 2005;359:189–194.
  • Lewis JG, Mopert B, Shand BI, et al. Plasma variation of corticosteroid-binding globulin and sex hormone-binding globulin. Horm Metab Res. 2006;38:241–245.
  • Skjeldestad FE. Use of contraceptives in Norway in 2005. Tidsskr nor Laegeforen. 2007;127:2803–2805.
  • Lader D. Opinion Survey Report No. 41. Contraception and Sexual Health, 2008/09. United Kingdom: The Office of National Statistics, UK statistics Authority, 2009 Contract No.: ISSN 978 1 85774 690 7.
  • Wiegratz I, Kutschera E, Lee JH, et al. Effect of four different oral contraceptives on various sex hormones and serum-binding globulins. Contraception. 2003;67:25–32.
  • Jung-Hoffmann C, Fitzner M, Kuhl H. Oral contraceptives containing 20 or 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol and 150 micrograms desogestrel: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic parameters. Horm Res. 1991;36:238–246.
  • Sitruk-Ware RL, Menard J, Rad M, et al. Comparison of the impact of vaginal and oral administration of combined hormonal contraceptives on hepatic proteins sensitive to estrogen. Contraception. 2007;75:430–437.