Plasma anti‐inflammatory cytokines and monocyte human leucocyte antigen‐DR expression in patients with acute pancreatitis

References

• Baron TH, Morgan DE. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 1999;340:1412–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley EL. A clinically based classification system for acute pancreatitis. Arch Surg 1993;128:586–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isenmann R, Rau B, Beger HG. Bacterial infection and extent of necrosis are determinants of organ failure in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1999;86:1020–4.
   Google Scholar
• Heath D, Alexander D, Wilson C, Larvin M, Imrie C, McMahon M. Which complications of acute pancreatitis are most lethal? A prospective multicenter clinical study of 719 episodes. Gut 1995; 36:A478.
   Google Scholar
• De Beaux A, Palmer K, Carter D. Factors influencing morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis; an analysis of 279 cases. Gut 1995;37: 121–6.
   Google Scholar
• Tenner S, Sica G, Hughes M, Nordhoek E, Feng S, Zimmer M, et al. Relationship of necrosis to organ failure in severe acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 1997;113:899–903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman J. The role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Am J Surg 1998;175:76–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opal SM, DePalo VA. Anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chest 2000; 117:1162–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bone RC. Immunologic dissonance: a continuing evolution in our understanding of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Ann Intern Med 1996;125:680–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Sabrido J, Valdecantos E, Bastida E, Tellado JM. The anergic state as a predictor of pancreatic sepsis. Zentralbl Chir 1989;114:114–20.
   Google Scholar
• Mayer J, Rau B, Gansauge F, Beger HG. Inflammatory mediators in human acute pancreatitis: clinical and pathophysiological implications. Gut 2000;47:546–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Beaux AC, Goldie AS, Ross JA, Carter DC, Fearon KC. Serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators related to organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 1996;83:349–53.
   Google Scholar
• Simovic MO, Bonham MJ, Abu-Zidan FM, Windsor JA. Antiinflammatory cytokine response and clinical outcome in acute pancreatitis. Crit Care Med 1999;27:2662–5.
   Google Scholar
• Chen CC, Wang SS, Lu RH, Chang FY, Lee SD. Serum interleukin 10 and interleukin 11 in patients with acute pancreatitis. Gut 1999;45: 895–9.
   Google Scholar
• Opal SM, Wherry JC, Grint P. Interleukin-10: potential benefits and possible risks in clinical infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis 1998;27: 1497–507.
   Google Scholar
• Koppelman B, Neefjes JJ, deVries JE, de Waal Malefyt R. Interleukin-10 down-regulates MCH class II αβ peptide complexes at the plasma membrane of monocytes by affecting arrival and recycling. Immunity 1997;7: 861–71.
   Google Scholar
• Tonegawa S. Antibody and T-cell receptors. JAMA 1988;259: 1845–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wolk K, Döcke W-D, von Baehr V, Volk HD, Sabat R. Impaired antigen presentation by human monocytes during endotoxin tolerance. Blood 2000;96:218–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Döcke WD, Randow F, Syrbe U, Krausch D, Asadullah K, Reinke P, et al. Monocyte deactivation in septic patients: restoration by IFN-ytreatment. Nature Med 1997;3:678–81.
   Google Scholar
• Lin R, Astiz M, Saxon J, Rackow E. Altered leukocyte immunophenotypes in septic shock. Chest 1993;104:847–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachse C, Prigge M, Cramer G, Pallua N, Henkel E. Association between reduced human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR expression on blood monocytes and increased plasma level of interleukin-10 in patients with severe burns. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999;37: 193–8.
   Google Scholar
• Livingston DH, Appel SH, Wellhausen SR, Sonnenfeld G, Polk HC. Depressed interferon gamma production and monocyte HLA-DR expression after severe injury. Arch Surg 1988; 123: 1309–12.
   Google Scholar
• Wakefield CH, Carey PD, Foulds S, Monson JRT, Guillou PJ. Changes in major histocompatibility complex class II expression on monocytes and T-cells of patients developing infection after surgery. Br J Surg 1993;80:205–9.
   Google Scholar
• Richter A, Nebe T, Wendl K, Schuster K, Klaebisch G, Quintel M, et al. HLA-DR expression in acute pancreatitis. Eur J Surg 1999;165:947–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheadle WG, Hershman MJ, Wellhausen SR, Polk HC. HLA-DR antigen expression on peripheral blood monocytes correlates with surgical infection. Am J Surg 1991;161:639–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hershman MJ, Chaedle WG, Wellhausen SR, Davidson PF, Polk HC. Monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression characterizes clinical outcome in the trauma patients. Br J Surg 1990;77:204–7.
   Google Scholar
• Brivet FG, Emilie D, Galanaud P. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines during acute severe pancreatitis: an early and sustained response, although unpredictable of death. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:749–55.
   Google Scholar
• Kylänpää-Bäck M-L, Takala A, Kemppainen E, Puolakkainen P, Kautiainen H, Jonsson SE, et al. Cellular markers of systemic inflammation and immunosuppression in patients with organ failure due to severe acute pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001;36:1100–7.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson CD, Kingsnorth AN, Imrie CW, McMahon MS, Neoptalemos JP, McKay C, et al. Double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study of platelet activating factor antagonist, lexipafant, in the treatment and prevention of organ failure in predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Gut 2001;48:62–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isenmann R, Rau B, Beger HG. Early severe acute pancreatitis: characteristics of a new subgroup. Pancreas 2001;22:274–8.
   Google Scholar
• Mentula P, Kylänpää-Bäck M-L, Kemppainen E, Takala A, Jansson SE, Kautiainen H, et al. Decreased HLA (human leucocyte antigen)-DR expression on peripheral blood monocytes predicts the development of organ failure in patients with acute pancreatitis. Clin Sci 2003;105:409–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med 1985;13:818–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranson J, Rifkind K, Roses D, Fink S, Eng K, Spencer FC. Prognostic signs and the role of operative management in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974;139:69–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marshall J, Cook D, Christnou N, Bernard G, Sprung C, Sibbald W. Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome. Crit Care Med 1995;23:1638–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overton WR. Modified histogram subtraction technique for analysis of flow cytometry data. Cytometry 1988;9:619–26.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Newcombe RG. Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods. Stat Med 1998; 17: 857–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Laethem JL, Eskinazi R, Louis H, Rickaert F, Robberecht P, Deviere J. Multisystemic production of interleukin 10 limits the severity of acute pancreatitis in mice. Gut 1998;43:408–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gloor B, Blinman TA, Rigberg DA, Todd KE, Lane JS, Hines OJ, et al. Kupffer cell blockade reduces hepatic and systemic cytokine levels and lung injury in hemorrhagic pancreatitis in rats. Pancreas 2000;21:414–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heath DI, Cruickshank A, Gudgeon M, Jehanli A, Shenkin A, Imrie CW. Role of interleukin-6 in mediating the acute phase protein response and potential as an early means of severity assessment in acute pancreatitis. Gut 1993;34:41–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin RY, Astiz ME, Saxon JC, Saha DC, Rackow EC. Relationships between plasma cytokine concentrations and leukocyte functional antigen expression in patients with sepsis. Crit Care Med 1994;22:1595–602.
   Google Scholar
• Satoh A, Miura T, Satoh K, Masamunc A, Yamagiwa T, Sakai Y, et al. Human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on peripheral monocytes as a predictive marker of sepsis during acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2002;25:245–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volk HD, Reinke P, Krausch D, et al. Monocyte deactivation: rationale for a new therapeutic strategy in sepsis. Intensive Care Med 1996;22:474–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschaikowsky K, Hedwig-Geissing M, Schiele A, Bremer F, Schywalsky M, Schuttler J. Coincidence of pro- and antiinflammatory responses in the early phase of severe sepsis: longitudinal study of mononuclear histocompatibility leukocyte antigen-DR expression, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and changes in T-cell subsets in septic and postoperative patients. Crit Care Med 2002;30:1015–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman JJ. Congenital heart disease, cardiopulmonary bypass, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome, and outcome: evolving understanding of critical care inflammation immunology. Crit Care Med 2002;30:1178–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cavaillon JM, Adib-Conquy M, Cloez-Tayarani I, Fitting C. Immunodepression in sepsis and SIRS assessed by ex vivo cytokine production is not a generalized phenomenon: a review. J Endotoxin Res 2001;7:85–93.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oberholzer A, Oberholzer C, Moldawer LL. Interleukin-10: a complex role in the pathogenesis of sepsis syndromes and its potential as an anti-inflammatory drug. Crit Care Med 2002;30: S58–63.
   Google Scholar
• Sainio V, Kemppainen E, Puolakkainen P, Taavitsainen M, Kivisari L, Valtonen V, et al. Early antibiotic treatment in acute necrotising pancreatitis. Lancet 1995;346:663–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windsor AC, Kanwar S, Li AG, Barnes E, Guthrie JA, Spark JI, et al. Compared with parenteral nutrition, enteral feeding attenuates the acute phase response and improves disease severity in acute pancreatitis. Gut 1998;42:431–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neoptolemos J, Carr-Locke D, London N, Bailey I, James D, Fossard D. Controlled trial of urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic sphincterotomy versus conservative treatment for acute pancreatitis due to gallstones. Lancet 1988;2:979–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar