Genetic characterization of colorectal cancers in young patients based on chromosomal loss and microsatellite instability

References

• Choi SW, Lee KJ, Bae YA, Min KO, Kwon MS, Kim KM, et al. Genetic classification of colorectal cancer based on chromosomal loss and microsatellite instability predicts survival. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:2311–22.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu B, Farrington SM, Petersen GM, Hamilton SR, Parsons R, Papadopoulos N, et al. Genetic instability occurs in the majority of young patients with colorectal cancer. Nat Med 1995; 1:34852.
   Google Scholar
• Chetty R, Naidoo R, Schneider J. Allelic imbalance and microsatellite instability of the DCC gene in colorectal cancer in patients under the age of 35 using fluorescent DNA technology. Mol Pathol 1998;51: 35–8.
   Google Scholar
• Kim WH, Lee HW, Park SH, Kim YI, Chi JG. Microsatelliteinstability in young patients with colorectal cancer. Pathol Int 1998;48:586–94.
   Google Scholar
• Suh JH, Lim SD, Kim JC, Hong SH, Kang GH. Comparison of clinicopathologic characteristics and genetic alterations between microsatellite instability-positive and microsatellite instabilitynegative sporadic colorectal carcinomas in patients younger than 40 years old. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45: 219–28.
   Google Scholar
• Naidoo R, Tarin M, Chetty RA. Comparative microsatellite analysis of colorectal cancer in patients < 35 years and >50 years of age. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95: 3266–75.
   Google Scholar
• Ho JW, Yuen ST, Chung LP, Kwan KY, Chan TL, Leung SY, et al. Distinct clinical features associated with microsatellite instability in colorectal cancers of young patients. Int J Cancer 2000;89:356–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gryfe R, Kim H, Hsieh ET, Aronson MD, Holowaty EJ, Bull SB, et al. Tumor microsatellite instability and clinical outcome in young patients with colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2000;342: 69–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weber TK, Conroy J, Keitz B, Rodriguez-Bigas M, Petrelli NJ, Stoler DL, et al. Genome-wide allelotyping indicates increased loss of heterozygosity on 9p and 14q in early age of onset colorectal cancer. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1999;86: 142–7.
   Google Scholar
• Okamoto A, Demetrick DJ, Spillare EA, Hagiwara K, Hussain SP, Bennett WP, et al. Mutations and altered expression of p16INK4 in human cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994; 91: 11045–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Zulueta M, Bender CM, Yang AS, Nguyen T, Beart RW, Van Tornout JM, et al. Methylation of the 5' CpG island of the p16/CDKN2 tumor suppressor gene in normal and transformed human tissues correlates with gene silencing. Cancer Res 1995;55: 4531–5.
   Google Scholar
• Burri N, Shaw P, Bouzourene H, Sordat I, Sordat B, Gillet M, et al. Methylation silencing and mutations of the p14ARF and p16INK4a genes in colon cancer. Lab Invest 2001;81:217–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman JG, Merlo A, Mao L, Lapidus RG, Issa JP, Davidson NE, et al. Inactivation of the CDKN2/p16/MTS1 gene is frequently associated with aberrant DNA methylation in all common human cancers. Cancer Res 1995;55:4525–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spirio LN, Samowitz W, Robertson J, Robertson M, Burt RW, Leppert M, et al. Alleles of APC modulate the frequency and classes of mutations that lead to colon polyps. Nat Genet 1998; 20:385–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanazawa T, Watanabe T, Kazama S, Tada T, Koketsu S, Nagawa H. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and mucinous carcinoma of the colon and rectum show higher rates of loss of heterozygosity and loss of E-cadherin expression due to methylation of promoter region. Int J Cancer 2002;102:225–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Palmqvist R, Rutegard JN, Bozoky B, Landberg G, Stenling R. Human colorectal cancers with an intact p16/cyclin D1/pRb pathway have up-regulated p16 expression and decreased proliferation in small invasive tumor clusters. Am J Pathol 2000;157: 1947–53.
   Google Scholar
• Matsuda Y, Ichida T, Matsuzawa J, Sugimura K, Asakura H. p16(INK4) is inactivated by extensive CpG methylation in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 1999; 116: 394–400.
   Google Scholar
• Herman JG, Graff JR, Myohanen S, Nelkin BD, Baylin SB. Methylation-specific PCR: a novel PCR assay for methylation status of CpG islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:9821–6.
   Google Scholar
• Waki T, Tamura G, Tsuchiya T, Sato K, Nishizuka S, Motoyama T. Promoter methylation status of E-cadherin, hMLH1, and p16 genes in nonneoplastic gastric epithelia. Am J Pathol 2002;161: 399–403.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dai CY, Furth EE, Mick R, Koh J, Takayama T, Niitsu Y, et al. p16(INK4a) expression begins early in human colon neoplasia and correlates inversely with markers of cell proliferation. Gastroenterology 2000;119:929–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturlan S, Kapitanovic S, Kovacevic D, Lukac J, Spaventi S, Spaventi R, et al. Loss of heterozygosity of APC and DCC tumor suppressor genes in human sporadic colon cancer. J Mol Med 1999;77:316–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miyaki M, Konishi M, Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Enomoto M, Igari T, Tanaka K, et al. Characteristics of somatic mutation of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in colorectal tumors. Cancer Res 1994;54:3011–20.
   Google Scholar
• Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Kern SE, Hamilton SR, Preisinger AC, Nakamura Y, et al. Allelotype of colorectal carcinomas. Science 1989;244:207–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada T, Watanabe T, Takamitsu K, et al. DNA analysis of colorectal cancers with extracolonic malignancies. Proc Jpn Cancer Assoc 2002;61:101.
   Google Scholar
• Toyota M, Ohe-Toyota M, Ahuja N, Issa JP. Distinct genetic profiles in colorectal tumors with or without the CpG island methylator phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000;97:710–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar