Effects of ghrelin on feeding regulation and interdigestive migrating complex in rats

References

• Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, Nakazato M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402: 656–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Date Y, Kojima M, Hosoda H, Sawaguchi A, Mondal MS, Suganuma T, et al. Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone-releasing acylated peptide, is synthesized in a distinct endocrine cell type in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats and humans. Endocrinology 2000; 141: 4255–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang G, Lee HM, Englander E, Greeley GH, Jr. Ghrelin – not just another stomach hormone. Regul Pept 2002; 105: 75–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masuda Y, Tanaka T, Inomata N, Ohnuma N, Tanaka S, Itoh Z, et al. Ghrelin stimulates gastric acid secretion and motility in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 276: 905–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T, Yuzuriha H, Nagata T, Ueno N, et al. Ghrelin is an appetite-stimulatory signal from stomach with structural resemblance to motilin. Gastroenterology 2001; 120: 337–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trudel L, Tomasetto C, Rio MC, Bouin M, Plourde V, Eberling P, et al. Ghrelin/motilin-related peptide is a potent prokinetic to reverse gastric postoperative ileus in rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 282: G948–G52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujino K, Inui A, Asakawa A, Kihara N, Fujimura M, Fujimiya M. Ghrelin induces fasted motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in conscious fed rats. J Physiol 2003; 550: 227–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakazato M, Murakami N, Date Y, Kojima M, Matsuo H, Kangawa K, et al. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding. Nature 2001; 409: 194–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tschop M, Smiley DL, Heiman ML. Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents. Nature 2000; 407: 908–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asakawa A, Inui A, Kaga T, Katsuura G, Fujimiya M, Fujino MA, et al. Antagonism of ghrelin receptor reduces food intake and body weight gain in mice. Gut 2003; 52: 947–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao JM, Ong H, Chen C. Effects of ghrelin and synthetic GH secretagogues on the cardiovascular system. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2006; 17: 13–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Isgaard J, Johansson I. Ghrelin and GHS on cardiovascular applications/functions. J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28: 838–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tomasetto C, Karam SM, Ribieras S, Masson R, Lefebvre O, Staub A, et al. Identification and characterization of a novel gastric peptide hormone: the motilin-related peptide. Gastroenterology 2000; 119: 395–405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toshinai K, Mondal MS, Nakazato M, Date Y, Murakami N, Kojima M, et al. Upregulation of ghrelin expression in the stomach upon fasting, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and leptin administration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281: 1220–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inui A. Ghrelin: an orexigenic and somatotrophic signal from the stomach. Nat Rev Neurosci 2001; 2: 551–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luiking YC, Akkermans LM, van der Reijden AC, Peeters TL, van Berge-Henegouwen GP. Differential effects of motilin on interdigestive motility of the human gastric antrum, pylorus, small intestine and gallbladder. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2003; 15: 103–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukuda H, Mizuta Y, Isomoto H, Takeshima F, Ohnita K, Ohba K, et al. Ghrelin enhances gastric motility through direct stimulation of intrinsic neural pathways and capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurones in rats. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39: 1209–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edholm T, Levin F, Hellstrom PM, Schmidt PT. Ghrelin stimulates motility in the small intestine of rats through intrinsic cholinergic neurons. Regul Pept 2004; 121: 25–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inui A. Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: current issues in research and management. CA Cancer J Clin 2002; 52: 72–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broglio F, Arvat E, Benso A, Gottero C, Muccioli G, Papotti M, et al. Ghrelin, a natural GH secretagogue produced by the stomach, induces hyperglycemia and reduces insulin secretion in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 5083–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murakami N, Hayashida T, Kuroiwa T, Nakahara K, Ida T, Mondal MS, et al. Role for central ghrelin in food intake and secretion profile of stomach ghrelin in rats. J Endocrinol 2002; 174: 283–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Sharkawy TY, Markus H, Diamant NE. Neural control of the intestinal migrating myoelectric complex. A pharmacological analysis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1982; 60: 794–804
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shuto Y, Shibasaki T, Wada K, Parhar I, Kamegai J, Sugihara H, et al. Generation of polyclonal antiserum against the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R): evidence that the GHS-R exists in the hypothalamus, pituitary and stomach of rats. Life Sci 2001; 68: 991–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujimiya M, Itoh E, Kihara N, Yamamoto I, Fujimura M, Inui A. Neuropeptide Y induces fasted pattern of duodenal motility via Y(2) receptors in conscious fed rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2000; 278: G32–8
   Google Scholar
• Hellstrom PM, Thollander M, Theodorsson E. Nociceptive inhibition of migrating myoelectric complex by nitric oxide and monoaminergic pathways in the rat. Am J Physiol 1998; 274: G480–6
   Google Scholar
• Powell AK, Bywater RA. Endogenous nitric oxide release modulates the direction and frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes in the isolated mouse colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2001; 13: 221–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maczka M, Thor P, Lorens K, Konturek SJ. Nitric oxide inhibits the myoelectric activity of the small intestine in dogs. J Physiol Pharmacol 1993; 44: 31–42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sarna SK, Otterson MF, Ryan RP, Cowles VE. Nitric oxide regulates migrating motor complex cycling and its postprandial disruption. Am J Physiol 1993; 265: G749–66
   Google Scholar
• Depoortere I, De WB, Thijs T, De MJ, Pelckmans P, Peeters T. Comparison of the gastroprokinetic effects of ghrelin, GHRP-6 and motilin in rats in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 515: 160–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lordal M, Hellstrom PM. Serotonin stimulates migrating myoelectric complex via 5-HT3-receptors dependent on cholinergic pathways in rat small intestine. Neurogastroenterol Motil 1999; 11: 1–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilmer A, Tack J, Coremans G, Janssens J, Peeters T, Vantrappen G. 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptors are involved in the initiation of gastric phase-3 motor activity in humans. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 773–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haga N, Mizumoto A, Satoh M, Mochiki E, Mizusawa F, Ohshima K, et al. Role of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine in the regulation of gastric contractions by motilin in dogs. Am J Physiol 1996; 270: G20–G8
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida N, Mizumoto A, Iwanaga Y, Itoh Z. Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonists on gastrointestinal motor activity in conscious dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1991; 256: 272–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar