References
- D'Anchino M, Orlando D, De FL. Giardia lamblia infections become clinically evident by eliciting symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. J Infect 2002; 45: 169–72
- Gardner TB, Hill DR. Treatment of giardiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001; 14: 114–28
- Nygard K, Schimmer B, Sobstad O, Walde A, Tveit I, Langeland N, et al. A large community outbreak of waterborne giardiasis-delayed detection in a non-endemic urban area. BMC Public Health 2006; 6: 141
- Rodriguez LA, Ruigomez A. Increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome after bacterial gastroenteritis: cohort study. Br Med J 1999; 318: 565–6
- Quigley EM. Current concepts of the irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 2003;Suppl; (237) 1–8.
- Riordan SM, McIver CJ, Walker BM, Duncombe VM, Bolin TD, Thomas MC. The lactulose breath hydrogen test and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Am J Gastroenterol 1996; 91: 1795–803
- Simren M, Stotzer PO. Use and abuse of hydrogen breath tests. Gut 2006; 55: 297–303
- Lin HC. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a framework for understanding irritable bowel syndrome. JAMA 2004; 292: 852–8
- Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Normalization of lactulose breath testing correlates with symptom improvement in irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 412–9
- Vandvik PO, Aabakken L, Farup PG. Diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome: poor agreement between general practitioners and the Rome II criteria. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39: 448–53
- Kane SV, Sandborn WJ, Rufo PA, Zholudev A, Boone J, Lyerly D, et al. Fecal lactoferrin is a sensitive and specific marker in identifying intestinal inflammation. Am J Gastroenterol 2003; 98: 1309–14
- Mathias JR, Clench MH, Reeves-Darby VG, Fox LM, Hsu PH, Roberts PH, et al. Effect of leuprolide acetate in patients with moderate to severe functional bowel disease. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39: 1155–62
- Farup PG, Monsbakken KW, Vandvik PO. Lactose malabsorption in a population with irritable bowel syndrome: prevalence and symptoms. A case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39: 645–9
- Spiller R, Campbell E. Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2006; 22: 13–7
- Husebye E. The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal bacterial overgrowth. Chemotherapy 2005; 51(Suppl 1)1–22
- Huchzermeyer H, Schumann C. Lactulose: a multifaceted substance. Z Gastroenterol 1997; 35: 945–55
- Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95: 3503–6
- Posserud I, Stotzer PO, Bjornsson ES, Abrahamsson H, Simren M. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2007; 56: 802–8
- Walters B, Vanner SJ. Detection of bacterial overgrowth in IBS using the lactulose H2 breath test: comparison with 14C-D-xylose and healthy controls. Am J Gastroenterol 2005; 100: 1566–70
- Rhodes JM, Middleton P, Jewell DP. The lactulose hydrogen breath test as a diagnostic test for small-bowel bacterial overgrowth. Scand J Gastroenterol 1979; 14: 333–6
- Pimentel M, Mayer AG, Park S, Chow EJ, Hasan A, Kong Y. Methane production during lactulose breath test is associated with gastrointestinal disease presentation. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48: 86–92
- Piche T, des Varannes SB, Sacher-Huvelin S, Holst JJ, Cuber JC, Galmiche JP. Colonic fermentation influences lower esophageal sphincter function in gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterology 2003; 124: 894–902
- Ropert A, Cherbut C, Roze C, Le QA, Holst JJ, Fu-Cheng X, et al. Colonic fermentation and proximal gastric tone in humans. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 289–96
- Symons P, Jones MP, Kellow JE. Symptom provocation in irritable bowel syndrome. Effects of differing doses of fructose-sorbitol. Scand J Gastroenterol 1992; 27: 940–4
- Morken MH, Berstad AE, Nysaeter G, Berstad A. Intestinal gas in plain abdominal radiographs does not correlate with symptoms after lactulose challenge. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 19: 589–93