Sero-prevalence of Granulocytic Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Swedish Dogs 1991-94

References

• Bellström L. Fästingburna rickettsioser (Tick-borne rick- ettsioses). Svensk Veterinärtidning 1989; 41: 549–54.
   Google Scholar
• Johansson K-E, Pettersson B, Uhlén M, Gunnarsson A, Malmqvist M, Olsson E. Identification of the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Swedish dogs and horses by direct solid phase sequencing of PCR products from the 16S rRNA gene. Res Vet Sci 1995; 58: 109–12.
   Google Scholar
• Groves MG, Dennis GL, Amyx HL, Huxsoll DL. Transmission of Ehrlichia canis to dogs by ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). Am J Vet Res 1975; 36: 937–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dumler JS, Dotevall L, Gustafson R, Granström M. A population-based seroepidemiologic study of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and Lyme borreliosis on the west coast of Sweden. J Infect Dis 1997; 175: 720–2.
   Google Scholar
• Bjöersdorff A, Massung RF, Berglund J, Christensson B, Karlsson U, Lind A, Eliasson I. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Sweden. Proceeding of the 1st congress of the European Society for Emerging Infections. Budapest, Hungary 1998, UK Tarmurlane Press, Manchester, UK
   Google Scholar
• Stiernstedt G. Tick-borne Borrelia infection in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1985; Suppl 45: 1–70.
   Google Scholar
• Åsbrink E. Erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Early and late manifestations of Ixodes ricinus-borne Borrelia spirochetes. Acta Derm Venereol 1985; Suppl 118: 1–63.
   Google Scholar
• Canica MM, Nato F, du Merle L, Mazie JC, Baranton G, Postic D. Monoclonal antibodies for identification of Borrelia afzelii sp. nov. associated with late cutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. Scand J Infect Dis 1993; 25: 441–8.
   Google Scholar
• Musgrave K, Pedersen AE, Olson P. Borreliainfektion hos hund (Borreliainfection in dogs). Svensk Veterinärtidning 1988; 40: 462–4.
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen AE, Olson P. Borrelia burgdorferi- ett infektion- sämne på frammarsch. (Borrelia burgdorferi- an advancing infectious agent). Svensk Veterinärtidning 1989; 41: 545–7.
   Google Scholar
• von Stedingk LV, Gürtelschmid M, Hanson HS, Gustafson R, Dotevall R, Olsson-Engvall E, Granström M. The human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent in Swedish ticks. Clin Microbiol Infect 1997; 3: 573–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Artursson K, Malmqvist M, Olsson E, Bjöersdorff A, Ek- lund M, Gunnarsson A. Diagnostik av borrelios och granu- locytär ehrlichios hos häst, hund och katt i Sverige (Diagnostics of borreliosis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis in horses, dogs and cats in Sweden). Svensk Veterinartidning 1994; 46: 331–6.
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein S, Olsson P-E, Hedhammar Å. A sero-epidemio- logical study of Sarcoptes scabiei infections in dogs in Sweden. Proceedings of the 3rd world congress of Veterinary Dermatology. Edinburgh, 1996, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, Oxford, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Madigan JE, Hietala S, Chalmers S, DeRock E. Seroepi- demiologic survey of antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in horses of northern California. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196: 1962–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greig B, Asanovich KM, Armstrong PJ, Dumler JS. Geographic, clinical, serologic, and molecular evidence of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, a likely zoonotic disease, in Minnesota and Wisconsin Dogs. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 44–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egenvall AE, Hedhammar ÅA, Bjöersdorff AI. Clinical features and serology of 14 dogs affected by granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Sweden. Vet Rec 1997; 140: 222–6.
   Google Scholar
• Dumler JS, Asanovich KM, Bakken JS, Richter P, Kimsey R, Madigan JE. Serologic Cross-Reactions among Ehrlichia equi, Ehrlichia phagocytophila, and Human Granulocytic Ehrlichia. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 1098–103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Åsbrink E, Hovmark. A Successful cultivation of spirochetes from skin lesions of patients with Erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and Acrodermatitis chronica athrophicans. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand (B) 1985; 93: 161–3.
   Google Scholar
• Artursson K, Gunnarsson A, Wikstrom U, Olsson Engvall E. Serological and clinical follow-up in horses with confirmed equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Equine Vet J 1999; 31: 473–7.
   Google Scholar
• Barbour AG. Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes. Yale J Biol Med 1984; 57: 521–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoukri MM, Pause CA. In: Statistics for health sciences. 2nd edn. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1999: 171
   Google Scholar
• Magnarelli LA, Ijdo JW, Anderson JE, Madigan JE, Dumler JS, Fikrig E. Antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in dogs from the northeastern United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 211: 1134–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Åkerstedt J, Blakstad E, Artursson K. Seroprevalens av Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato og Ehrlichia sp. hos hund fra ett kystområde i Aust-Agder (Prevalence of serum-antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Ehrlichia sp. among dogs in the coastal parts of Aust-Agder, Norway). Norsk vet. tidskr 1996; 108: 537–43.
   Google Scholar
• Pusterla N, Pusterla JB, Deplazes P, Wolfensberger C, Muller W, Hörauf A, et al. Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis and of canine granulocytic Ehrlichia infection in dogs in Switzerland. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 3460–2.
   Google Scholar
• Csango PA, Stamberg P. Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. Antibodies in dogs in Agder counties of southern Norway. Canine Pract 1996; 21: 27–8.
   Google Scholar
• Tälleklint L, Jaenson TGT. Increasing geographical distribution and density of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in central and northern Sweden. J Med Entomol 1998; 35: 521–6.
   Google Scholar
• Buhles WC, Huxsoll DL, Ristic M. Tropical canine pancytopenia: clinical, hematologic, and serologic response of dogs to Ehrlichia canis infection, tetracycline therapy, and challenge to inoculation. J Infect Dis 1974; 130: 357–67.
   Google Scholar
• Egenvall A, Lilliehöök I, Bjöersdorff A, Olsson Engvall E, Karlstam E, Artursson K, et al. Detection of granulocytic Ehrlichia DNA by PCR in persistently infected dogs. Vet Rec (in press).
   Google Scholar