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Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases Volume 33, 2001 - Issue 8
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Research Article

Antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae in Young Swedish Orienteers

Eva Hjelm, Lars Wesslén, Håkan Gnarpe, Judy Gnarpe, Christina Nyström-Rosander, Christer Rolf, Göran Friman
Pages 589-592 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Wesslén L, Påhlsson C, Lindquist O, Hjelm E, Gnarpe J, Larsson E, et al. An increase in sudden unexpected cardiac deaths among young Swedish orienteers during 1979–1992. Eur Heart J 1996; 17: 902–10.
  • McCaffrey FM, Braconier DS, Strong WB. Sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Am J Dis Child 1991; 145: 177–83.
  • Larsson E, Wesslén L, Lindquist O, Baandrup U, Eriksson L, Olsen E, et al. Sudden unexpected cardiac death among Swedish orienteers. Morphological changes in hearts and other organs, APMIS 1999; 107: 325–36.
  • Wesslén L, Påhlsson C, Friman G, Fohlman J, Lindquist O, Johansson C. Myocarditis caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) and sudden unexpected death in a Swedish elite orienteer. Lancet 1992; 340: 427–8.
  • Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Sundelof B. Endemic prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy persons. Scand J Infect Dis 1991; 23: 387–8.
  • Gnarpe H, Gnarpe J. Increasing prevalence of specific antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae in Sweden. Lancet 1993; 41: 381.
  • Gnarpe H, Gnarpe J, Sundelöf B, Gustafsson R, Gardulf A. Prevalence of specific antibodies to Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) in Swedish orienteers. Lancet 1992; 340: 1047–8.
  • Kuo C-C, Jackson LA, Campbell LA, Grayston JT. Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR). Clin Microbiol Rev 1995; 8: 451–61.
  • Fagerberg B, Gnarpe J, Gnarpe H, Agewall S, Wikstrand J. Chlamydia pneumoniae but not cytomegalovirus antibodies are associated with future risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study in middle-aged to elderly men with treated hypertension. Stroke 1999; 30: 299–305.
  • Strachan DP, Carrington D, Mendall MA, Basllam L, Morris J, Butland BK, et al. Relation of Chlamydia pneumoniae serology to mortality and incidence of ischaemic heart disease over 13 years in the Caerphilly prospective heart disease study. Br Med J 1999; 318: 1035–9.
  • Gleeson M, McDonald WA, Cripps AW, Pyne DB, Clancy RL, Fricker PA. The effect on immunity of long term intensive training in elite swimmers. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 102: 210–6.
  • Nieman DC, Nehlsen-Cannarella SL. The effects of acute and chronic exercise on immunoglobulins. Sports Med 1991; 11: 183–201.

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