- Sanchez FO, Rodriguez JI, Agudelo G, Garcia LF. Immune responsiveness and lymphokine production in patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls. Infect Immun 1994; 62: 5673–8.
- Surcel HM, Troye-Blomberg M, Paulie S, Andersson G, Moreno C, Pasvol G, et al. Th1/Th2 profiles in tuberculosis, based upon proliferation and the cytokine response of blood lymphocytes to mycobacterial antigens. Immunology 1994; 81: 171–6.
- Lenzini L, Rottoli P, Rottoli L. The spectrum of human tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 1977; 27: 230–7.
- Bhatnagar R, Malaviya AN, Narayanan S, Rajgopalan P, Kumar R, Bharadwaj OP. Spectrum of immune responseabnormalities in different clinical forms of tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977; 115: 207–12.
- Power CA. Immunology of BCG vaccination in mice: Implications for tuberculosis vaccination and for the use of BCG as a recombinant BCG vector. Doctoral thesis. Saskatoon: University of Saskatchewan; 2000.
- Bretscher PA, Wei G, Menon JN, Beilefeldt-Ohmann H. Establishment of stable cell-mediated immunity that makes “susceptible” mice resistant to Leishmania major. Science 1992; 257: 539–42.
- Menon JN, Bretscher PA. Parasite dose determines the Th1/ Th2 nature of the response to Leishmania major independently of infection route and strain of host or parasite. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 4020–8.
- Uzonna J, Wei G, Yurkowski D, Bretscher PA. The generation of distinct immune, pathophysiological states following Leishmania major infection in mice: Implications for immunological memory, vaccination and reactivation disease. Science (Submitted).
- Bancroft AJ, Else KJ, Grencis RK. Low level infection with Trichuris muris significantly affects the polarization of the CD4 response. Eur J Immunol 1994; 24: 3113–8.
- Menacci A, Spaccapelo R, delSero G, Enssle K-H, Cassone A, Bistoni F, et al. CD4 + T-helper-cell responses in mice with low-level Candida albicans infections. Infect Immun 1996; 64: 4907–14.
- Sacks DL, Lal SL, Shrivastava SN, Blackwell J, Neva FA. An analysis of T cell responsiveness in Indian Kala-azar. J Immunol 1987; 138: 908–13.
- Reiner SL, Locksley RM. The regulation of immunity to Leishmania major. Annu Rev Immunol 1995; 13: 151–77.
- Ridley DS. Histological classification and the immunological spectrum of leprosy. Bull World Health Organ 1974; 51: 451–65.
- Yamamura M, Uyemura K, Deans RJ, Weinberg K, Rea TH, Bloom BR, et al. Defining protective responses to pathogens: cytokine profiles in leprosy lesions. Science 1993; 254: 277–9.
- Menon JN, Bretscher PA. Characterization of the immunological memory state generated in mice “susceptible” to Leishmania major following exposure to low doses of L. major and resulting in resistance to a normally pathogenic challenge. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26: 243–9.
- Power C, Wei G, Bretscher P. Mycobacterial dose defines the Th1/Th2 nature of the immune response independently of whether immunization is administered by the intravenous subcutaneous or intradermal route. Infect Immun 1998; 66: 5743–50.
- Hernandez-Pando R, Pavon L, Arriaga K, Orozco H, MadridMarina V, Rook G. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis in mice exposed to low and high doses of an environmental mycobacterial saprophyte before infection. Infect Immun 1997; 65: 3317–27.
- Buddle BM, Delisle GW, Pfeiffer A, Aldwell FE. Immunological responses and protection against Mycobacterium bovis in calves vaccinated with a low dose of BCG. Vaccine 1995; 13: 1123.
- Bretscher PA. A strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccination against tuberculosis and leprosy. Immunol Today. 1992; 13: 342–5.
- Ismail N, Bretscher P. The Th1/Th2 nature of concurrent immune responses to unrelated antigens can be independent. J Immunol 1999; 163: 4842–50.
- Sarzotti M, Robbins DS, Hoffman PM. Induction of protective CTL responses in newborn mice by a murine retrovirus. Science 1996; 271: 1726–8.
- Gray D, Matzinger P. T cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen. J Exp Med 1991; 174: 969–74.
- Dutton RW, Bradley LM, Swain SL. T cell memory. Annu Rev Immunol 1998; 16: 210–23.
- Stenger S, Donhauser N, Thuring H, Rollinghoff M, Bogdan C. Reactivation of latent leishmaniasis by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase. J Exp Med 1996; 183: 1501–14.
- Wolday D, Berhe N, Akuffo H, Britton S. Leishmania-HIV interaction: Immunopathogenic mechanisms. Parasitol Today 1999; 15: 182–7.
- Aebischer T, Moody FS, Handman F. Persistence of virulent Leishmania major in murine cutaneous leishmaniasia: a possible hazard for the host. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 220–6.
- Solbach W, Laskay T. The host response to leishmania infection. Adv Immunol 2000; 74: 275–317.
- Druilhe P, Perignon JL. Mechanisms of defense against P. faciparum asexual blood stage in humans. Immunol Lett 1994; 41: 115–20.
- Taylor-Robinson AW. Immunoregulation of malarial infection: balancing the vices and virtues. lnt J Parasitol 1998; 28: 135–48.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
Volume 33, 2001 - Issue 1