Risk of Acquiring Tick Bites in South-eastern Sweden

References

• Goodman C, Lazarus AA, Martin GJ. Manifestations of tick-borne illness. Incidence and variety are increasing worldwide. Postgrad Med 2001; 109: 43–6, 51–4, 57–8.
   Google Scholar
• Parola P, Raoult D. Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32: 897–928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moll van Charante AW, Groen J, Mulder PGH, Rijpkema SGT, Osterhaus ADME. Occupational risks of zoonotic infections in Dutch forestry workers and muskrat catchers. Eur J Epidemiol 1998; 14: 109–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terkeltaub RA. Emerging zoonoses complicate patient workup and treatment. Geriatrics 2000; 55: 34–5, 39–40, 43–4, 47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berglund J. Kraftig ökning av antalet patienter behandlade för borreliainfektion 1997 jämfört med 1992. Smittskydd 1998; 4: 70.
   Google Scholar
• Berglund J, Eitrem R, Norrby R. Long-term study of Lyme borreliosis in a highly endemic area in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1996; 28: 473–8.
   Google Scholar
• Oksi J, Viljanen MK. Tick bites, clinical symptoms of Lyme borreliosis, and Borrelia antibody responses in Finnish army recruits training in an endemic region during summer. Mil Med 1995; 160: 453–6.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schumtzhard E, Stanek G, Pletschette M, Hirschl AM, Pallua A, Schmitzberger R, Schlögl R. Infections following tickbites. Tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis – a prospective epidemiological study from Tyrol. Infection 1988; 16: 269–72.
   Google Scholar
• Stjernberg L, Berglund J. Garlic as an insect repellent. JAMA 2000; 284: 831.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schwartz BS, Goldstein MD. Lyme disease in outdoor workers: risk factors, preventive measures, and tick removal methods. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 131: 877–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadal D, Wunderli W, Briner H, Hansen K. Prevalence of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in forestry workers and blood donors from the same region in Switzerland. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1989; 8: 992–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees DH, Axford JS. Evidence for Lyme disease in urban park workers: a potential new health hazard for city inhabitants. Br J Rheumatol 1994; 33: 123–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gustafsson R, Forsgren M, Gardulf A, Granström M, Sve- nungsson B. Antibody prevalence and clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis in Swedish orienteers. Scand J Infect Dis 1993; 25: 605–11.
   Google Scholar
• Standaert SM, Dawson JE, Schaffner W, Childs JE, Biggie KL, Singleton J, et al. Erlichiosis in a golf-oriented retirement community. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 420–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berglund J, Eitrem R, Ornstein K, Lindberg A, Ringnér Å, Elmrud H, et al. An epidemiologic study of Lyme disease in southern Sweden. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1319–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ornstein K, Berglund J, Nilsson I, Norrby R, Bergstrom S. Characterization of Lyme borreliosis isolates from patients with erythema migrans and neuroborreliosis in southern Sweden. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 1294–8.
   Google Scholar
• Bennet L, Berglund J. Reinfection with Lyme borreliosis: a retrospective follow-up study in southern Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 2002; 34: 183–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berglund J, Eitrem R. Tick-borne borreliosis in the archipelago of southern Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1993; 25: 67–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gustafsson R, Jaenson TGT, Gardulf A, Mejlon H, Sve- nungsson B. Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in Ixodes ricinus in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1995; 27: 597–601.
   Google Scholar
• Fraenkel CJ, Garpmo U, Berglund J. The determination of novel Borrelia genospecies in Swedish Ixodes ricinus ticks. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 3308–12.
   Google Scholar
• Talleklint L, Jaenson TGT. Seasonal variations in density of questing Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs and prevalence of infection with B. burgdorferi s.l. in south central Sweden. J Med Entomol 1996; 33: 592–7.
   Google Scholar
• Kahl O, Janetzki-Mittman C, Gray JS, Jonas R, Stein J, de Boer R. Risk of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato for a host in relation to the duration of nymphal Ixodes ricinus feeding and the method of tick removal. Zentralbl Bakteriol 1998; 287: 41–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nadelman RB, Nowakowski J, Fish D, Falco RC, Freeman K, McKenna D, et al. Prophylaxis with single-dose doxycy- cline for the prevention of Lyme disease after an Ixodes scapularis tick bite. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 79–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro ED, Gerber MA, Holabird NB, Berg AT, Feder HM Jr, Bell GL, et al. A controlled trial of antimicrobial prophylaxis for Lyme disease after deer-tick bites. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1769–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warshafsky S, Nowakowski J, Nadelman RB, Kamer RS, Peterson SJ, Worsmer GP. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of Lyme disease. J Gen Intern Med 1996; 11: 329–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiernstedt G, Gustafsson R, Karlsson M, Svenungsson B, Skoldenberg B. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of neu- roborreliosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988; 538: 46–55.
   Google Scholar
• Dennis DT, Meltzer MI. Antibiotic prophylaxis after tick bites. Lancet 1997; 350: 1191–2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stanek G, Kahl O. Chemoprophylaxis for Lyme borreliosis? Zentralbl Bakteriol 1999; 289: 655–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gray J. Risk assessment in Lyme borreliosis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1999; 111: 990–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar