62
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Sexually transmitted herpes simplex viruses

&
Pages 93-101 | Received 20 May 2003, Accepted 21 Nov 2003, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Isacsohn M, Smetana Z, Rones ZZ, Raveh D, Diamant Y, Samueloff A, et al. A sero-epidemiological study of herpes virus type 1 and 2 infection in Israel. J Clin Virol 2002; 24: 85–92.
  • Rabenau HF, Buxbaum S, Preiser W, Weber B, Doerr HW Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and type 2 in the Frankfurt am Main area, Germany. Med Microbiol Immunol 2002; 190: 153–60.
  • Corey L, Handsfield HH. Genital herpes and public health: addressing a global problem. JAMA 2000; 283: 791–4.
  • Langenberg AG, Corey L, Ashley RL, Leong WP, Strauss SE. A prospective study of new infections with herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. Chiron HSV Vaccine Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1432–8.
  • Whitley RJ. Herpes simplex viruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, (eds.) Fields Virology Volume 2, 4th edn. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins 2000; 73: 2461–2509.
  • Nilsen A, Myrmel H. Changing trends in genital herpes simplex virus infections in Bergen, Norway. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2000; 79: 693–6.
  • Lafferty WE, Downey L, Celum C, Wald A. Herpes simplex virus type 1 as a cause of genital herpes: impact on surveillance and prevention. J Infect Dis 2000; 181: 1454–7.
  • Kinghorn GR. Epidemiology of genital herpes. J Int Med Res 1994; 22: 14A–23A.
  • Löwhagen GB, Tunbäck P, Andersson K, Bergström T, Johannisson G. First episodes of genital herpes in a Swedish STD population: a study of epidemiology and transmission by the use of herpes simplex virus (HSV) typing and specific serology. Sex Transm Infect 2000; 76: 179–82.
  • Ribes JA, Steele AD, Seabolt JP, Baker DJ. Six-y study of the incidence of herpes in genital and non-genital cultures in a central Kentucky medical center patient population. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 3321–5.
  • Cowan FM, Copas A, Johnson AM, Ashley R, Corey L, Mindel A. Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: a sexually transmitted infection of adolescence? Sex Transm Infect 2002; 78: 346–8.
  • Tyring SK, Carlton SS, Evans T. Herpes: atypical clinical manifestations. Dermatol Clin 1998; 16: 783–8.
  • Al-Dhafiri SA, Molinari R. Herpetic folliculitis. J Cutan Med 2002; 6: 19–22.
  • Harrison NA, MacDonald BK, Scott G, Kapoor R. A typical herpes type 2 encephalitis associated with normal MR imaging. J Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 7: 974–6.
  • Gubinelli E, Cocuroccia B, Lazzarotto T, Girolomoni G. Nodular perianal herpes simplex with prominent plasma cell infiltration. Sex Transm Dis 2003; 30: 157–9.
  • van Benthem BH, Spaargaren J, van Den Hoek JA, Merks J, Coutinho RA, Prins M. Prevalence and risk factors of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies in European HIV infected women. Sex Transm Infect 2001; 77: 120–4.
  • Schacker T. The role of HSV in the transmission and progression of HIV Herpes 2001; 8: 46–9.
  • Auvert B, Ballard R, Campbell C, Caraël M, Carton M, Fehler G, et al. HIV infection among youth in a South African mining town is associated with herpes simplex virus-2 seropositivity and sexual behaviour. AIDS 2001; 15: 885–98.
  • De Sanjosé S, Munoz N, Bosch FX, Reimann K, Pedersen NS, Orfila J, et al. Sexually transmitted agents and cervical neoplasia in Colombia and Spain. Int J Cancer 1994; 56: 358–63.
  • Eberhart-Phillips J, Dickson NP, Paul C, Fawcett JP, Holland D, Taylor J, Cunningham AL. Herpes simplex type 2 infection in a cohort aged 21 y. Sex Transm Dis 1998; 74: 216–8.
  • Perkins NL, Coughlan EP, Franklin RA, Reid MR, Taylor J. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies in New Zealand sexual health clinic patients. N Z Med J 1996; 109: 420–5.
  • Hashido M, Lee FK, Nahmias AJ, Tsugami H, Isomura S, Nagata Y, et al. An epidemiological study of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in Japan based on type-specific serological assays. Epidemiol Infect 1998; 120: 179–86.
  • Cowan FM, Johnson AM, Ashley R, Corey L, Mindel A. Antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 as serological marker of sexual lifestyle in populations. Br Med J 1994; 309: 1325–9.
  • Narouz N, Allan PS, Wade AH, Wagstaffe S. Genital herpes serotesting: a study of the epidemiology and patients’ knowledge and attitude among STD clinic attenders in Coventry, UK. Sex Transm Infect 2003; 79: 35–41.
  • Enders G, Risse B, Zauke M, Bolley I, Knotek F. Seroprevalence study of herpes simplex virus type 2 among pregnant women in Germany using a type-specific enzyme immunoassay. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998; 18: 870–2.
  • Sucato G, Celum C, Dithmer D, Ashley R, Wald A. Demographic rather than behavioural risk factors predict herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in sexually active adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20: 422–6.
  • Gottlieb SL, Douglas JM, Schmid DS, Bolan G, Iatesta M, Malotte CK, et al. Seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in 5 sexually transmitted disease clinics. J Infect Dis 2002; 186: 1381–9.
  • Mindel A, Taylor J, Tideman RL, Seifert C, Berry G, Wagner K, et al. Neonatal herpes prevention: a minor public health problem in some communities. Sex Transm Infect 2000; 76: 287–91.
  • Bassett I, Donovan B, Bodsworth NJ, Field PR, Ho DW, Jeansson S, Cunningham AL. Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection of heterosexual men attending a sexual health centre. Med J Aust 1994; 160: 697–700.
  • Dobbins JG, Mastro TD, Nopkesorn, Sangkharomya S, Lima-karnjanarat K, Weniger BG, Schmid DS. Herpes in the time of AIDS: a comparison of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in young men in northern Thailand. Sex Transm Dis 1999; 26: 26–74.
  • Limpakarnjanarat K, Mastro TD, Saisorn S, Uthaivoravit W, Kaewkungwal J, Korattana S, et al. HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections in a cohort of female sexual workers in Chiang Rai, Thailand. Sex Transm Infect 1999; 75: 30–5.
  • Gaytant MA, Steegers EAP, van Laere M, Semmekrot BA, Groen J, Weel JF, et al. Seroprevalences of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 among pregnant women in The Netherlands. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29: 710–4.
  • Carvalho M, de Carvalho S, Pannuti CS, Sumita LM, de Souza VA. Prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 antibodies and a clinical history of herpes in 3 different populations in Campinas City, Brazil. Int J Infect Dis 1998–1999; 3: 94–8.
  • Ghebrekidan H, Ruden U, Cox S, Wahren B, Grandien M. Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus infections in Eritrea. J Clin Virol 1999; 12: 53–64.
  • Kjær SK, de Villiers EM, Caglayan H, Svare E, Haugaard BJ, Engholm G, et al. Human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus and other potential risk factors for cervical cancer in a high-risk area (Greenland) and a low risk area (Denmark): a second look. Br J Cancer 1993; 67: 830–7.
  • Suligoi B, Calistri A, Cusini M, Palu G. Seroprevalence and determinants of herpes simplex type 2 infection in an STD clinic in Milan, Italy. J Med Virol 2002; 67: 345–8.
  • Suligoi B, Tchamgmena O, Sarmati L, Bugarini R, Toma L, Bakary DK, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among adolescents and adults in northern Cameroon. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 28: 690–3.
  • Eis-Hubinger AM, Nyankiye E, Bitoungui DM, Ndjomou J. Prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody in Cameroon. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29: 637–42.
  • McFarland W, Gwanzura L, Bassett MT, Machekano R, Latif AS, Ley C, et al. Prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among male Zimbabwean factory workers. J Infect Dis 1999; 180: 1459–65.
  • Obasi A, Mosha F, Quigley M, Sekirassa Z, Gibbs T, Munguti K, et al. Antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 as a marker of sexual risk behaviour in rural Tanzania. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 16–24.
  • Langeland N, Haarr L, Mhalu F. Prevalence of HSV-2 antibodies among STD clinic patients in Tanzania. Int J STD AIDS 1998; 9: 104–7.
  • Forsgren M, Skoog E, Jeansson S, Olofsson S, Giesecke J. Prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus in pregnant women in Stockholm in 1969, 1983 and 1989: implications for STD epidemiology. Int J STD AIDS 1994; 5: 113–6.
  • Howard M, Sellors JW, Jang D, Robinson NJ, Fearon M, Kaczorowski, Chernesky M. Regional distribution of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in men and women in Ontario, Canada. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 84–9.
  • Fleming DT, McQuillan GM, Johnson RE, Nahmias AJ, Aral SO, Lee FK, St Louis ME. Herpes simplex virus type 2 in the United States, 1976 to 1994. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 1105–11.
  • Wutzler P, Doerr HW, Färber I, Eichorn U, Belbig B, Sauerbrei A, et al. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in selected German populations: relevance for the incidence of genital herpes. J Med Vir 2000; 61: 201–7.
  • Andersson-Ellstrom A, Svennerholm B, Forssman L. Prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in teenage girls. Scand J Infect Dis 1995; 27: 315–8.
  • Kamali A, Nunn J, Mulder DW, Van Dyck E, Dobbins JG, Whitworth JAG. Seroprevalence and incidence of genital ulcer infections in a rural Ugandan population. Sex Transm Infect 1999; 75: 98–102.
  • Hashido M, Kawana T, Matsunaga Y, Inouye S. Changes in prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 antibodies from 1973 to 1993 in the rural districts of Japan. Microbiol Immunol 1999; 43: 177–80.
  • Laubereau B, Zwahlen M, Neuenschwander B, Heininger U, Schaad UB, Desgrandchamps D. Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in Switzerland. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 2000; 130: 143–50.
  • Malkin JE, Morand P, Malvy D, Ly TD, Chanzy B, de Labareyre C, et al. Seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection in the general French population. Sex Transm Infect 2002; 78: 201–3.
  • Quan L. Investigation on the incidence of genital herpes in different professional groups in Qingdao. Chung Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih 1993; 14: 262–5.
  • Patrick DM, Dawar M, Cook DA, Krajden M, Ng HC, Rekart ML. Antenatal seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in Canadian women. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 28: 424–8.
  • Eberhart-Phillips JE, Dickson NP, Paul C, Herbison GP, Taylor J, Cunningham AL. Rising incidence and prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 infection in a cohort of 26-y-old New Zealanders. Sex Transm Infect 2001; 77: 353–7.
  • Evans BA, Kell PD, Bond RA, MacRae KD, Slomka MJ, Brown DW. Predictors of seropositivity to herpes simplex virus type 2 in women. Int J STD AIDS 2003; 14: 30–6.
  • Wald A, Koutsky L, Ashley RL, Corey L. Genital herpes in a primary care clinic. Demographic and sexual correlates of herpes simplex type 2 infections. Sex Transm Dis 1997; 24: 149–55.
  • Mbizvo EM, Msuya SE, Stray-Pedersen B, Chirenje MZ, Munjoma M, Hussain A. Association of herpes simplex virus type 2 with the human immunodeficiency virus among urban women in Zimbabwe. Int J STD AIDS 2002; 13: 343–8.
  • Buchacz K, McFarland W, Hernandez M, Klausner JD, Page-Shafer K, Padian N, et al. Prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a population-based survey of young women in low-income neighbourhoods of northern California. The Young Women’s Survey Team. Sex Transm Dis 2000; 27: 393–400.
  • Hogrefe W, Su X, Song J, Ashley R, Kong L. Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies in African sera by using recombinant gG2, Western blotting, and gG2 inhibition. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 3635–40.
  • Nahmias AJ, Lee FK, Beckmann-Nahmias S. Sero-epidemiological and -sociological patterns of herpes simplex virus infections in the world. Scand J Infect Dis 1990; 69: 19–36.
  • Krone MR, Wald A, Tabet SR, Paradise M, Corey L, Celum CL. Herpes simplex virus type 2 shedding in human immunodeficiency virus-negative men who have sex with men: frequency, patterns, and risk factors. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 30: 261–7.
  • Malkin JE, Beumont MG. Herpes simplex virus infection in pregnancy. Herpes 1999; 6: 50–2.
  • Brown ZA, Wald A, Ashley-Morrow R, Selke S, Zeh J, Corey L. Effect of serological status and caesarean delivery on transmission rates of herpes simplex virus from mother to infant. JAMA 2003; 289: 203–9.
  • Mostad SB, Kreiss JK, Ryncarz A, Chohan B, Mandaliya K, Ndinya-Achola J, et al. Cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus throughout the menstrual cycle in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183: 948–55.
  • Schacker T, Zeh J, Hu HL, Hill E, Corey L. Frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 reactivations among human immunodeficiency virus-infected men. J Inf Dis 1998; 178: 1616–22.
  • Corey L, Adams HG, Brown ZA, Holmes KK. Genital herpes simplex virus infections: clinical manifestations, course, and complications. Ann Intern Med 1983; 98: 958–72.
  • Roest RW, van der Meijden WI, van Dijk G, Groen J, Mulder PGH, Verjans GMGM, Osterhaus ADME. Prevalence and association between herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2-specific antibodies in attenders at a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Int J Epidem 2001; 30: 580–8.
  • Engelberg R, Carrell D, Krantz E, Corey L, Wald A. Natural history of genital herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. Sex Transm Dis 2003; 30: 174–7.
  • Wald A, Zeh J, Selke S, Warren T, Ryncarz AJ, Ashley R, et al. Reactivation of genital herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in asymptomatic seropositive persons. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 844–50.
  • Löwhagen GB, Tunbäck P, Andersson K, Johannisson G. Recurrent genital herpes in a population attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Acta Derm Venereol 2001; 81: 35–7.
  • Benedetti JK, Zeh J, Corey L. Clinical reactivation of genital herpes simplex virus infection decreases in frequency over time. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131: 14–20.
  • Wald A, Langenberg AG, Link K, Izu AE, Ashley R, Warren T, et al. Effect of condoms on reducing the transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 from men to women. JAMA 2001; 285: 3100–6.
  • Ashley RL. Herpes simplex viruses. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections 1995; 22: 375–8.
  • Strutt M, Bailey J, Tenant-Flowers M, Graham D, Zuckerman M. Ethnic variation in type of genital herpes simplex virus infection in a south London genitourinary medicine clinic. J Med Virol 2003; 69: 108–10.
  • Wald A, Zeh J, Selke S, Warren T, Ashley R, Corey L. Genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among men. J Infect Dis 2002; 186(Suppl 1): S34–9.
  • Koelle DM, Benedetti J, Langenberg A, Corey L. Asymptomatic reactivation of herpes simplex virus in women after the first episode of genital herpes. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 433–7.
  • Schofield MJ, Minichello V, Mishra GD, Plummer D, Savage J. Sexually transmitted infections and use of sexual health services among young Australian women: Women’s Health Australia Study. Int J STD AIDS 2000; 11: 313–23.
  • Janier M, Lassau F, Bloch J, Spindler E, Morel P, Gérard P, Aufrère A. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies in an STD clinic in Paris. Int J STD AIDS 1999; 10: 522–6.
  • Koelle DM, Wald A. Herpes simplex virus: the importance of asymptomatic shedding. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 2000; 45: 1–8.
  • Becker TM, Lee F, Daling JR, Nahmias AJ. Seroprevalence of and risk factors for antibodies to herpes simplex viruses, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C among south-western Hispanic and non-Hispanic white women. Sex Transm Dis 1996; 23: 138–44.
  • van de Laar MJ, Termorshuizen F, Slomka MJ, van Doornum GJ, Ossewaarde JM, Brown DW, et al. Prevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection: evaluation of behavioural risk factors. Int J Epidemiol 1998; 27: 127–34.
  • Renzi C, Douglas JM Jr, Foster M, Critchlow CW, Ashley-Morrow R, Buchbinder SP, et al. Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection as a risk factor for human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in men who have sex with men. J Infect Dis 2003; 187: 19–25.
  • Suligoi B, Dorrucci M, Volpi A, Andreoni A, Zerboni R, Rezza G. Prevalence and determinants of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a cohort of HIV-positive individuals in Italy. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29: 665–7.
  • Marchant J, Roe A. Genital herpes: recognizing and addressing patients’ needs. Herpes 1997; 4: 36–41.
  • Baker DA. The use of antiviral medications in the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections of women. Int J Fertil Womens Med 1999; 44: 227–33.
  • Casper C, Wald A. Condom use and the prevention of genital herpes acquisition. Herpes 2002; 9: 10–4.
  • Stanberry L, Cunningham A, Mertz G, Mindel A, Peters B, Reitano M, et al. New developments in the epidemiology, natural history and management of genital herpes. Antiviral Res 1999; 42: 1–14.
  • Au E, Sacks SL. Antivirals in the prevention of genital herpes. Herpes 2002; 9: 74–7.
  • Corey L, Langenberg AG, Ashley R, Sekulovich RE, Izu AE, Douglas JM Jr, et al. Recombinant glycoprotein vaccine for the prevention of genital HSV-2 infection: 2 randomized controlled trials. Chiron HSV Vaccine Study Group. JAMA 1999; 282: 331–40.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.