49
Views
39
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Microsporidial Disease in HIV-infected Patients: A Report of 42 Patients and Review of the Literature

Pages 331-338 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

REFERENCES

  • Weber R, Bryan RT. Microsporidial infections in immunodeficient and immunocompetent patients. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 517–21.
  • Schwartz DA, Bryan RT, Weber R, Visvesvara GS. Microsporidiosis in HIV positive patients; current methods for diagnosis using biopsy, cytologic, ultrastructural, immunological and tissue culture techniques. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 1994; 41: 101–9.
  • Canning EU, Hollister WS. Enterocytozoon bieneusi prevalence and pathogenecity in AIDS patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990; 84: 181–6.
  • Curry A, Canning EU. Human microsporidiosis. J Infect 1993; 27: 229–36.
  • Muscat J. Human microsporidiosis. J Infect Dis 1990; 21: 125–9.
  • Doultree JC, Maerz AL, Ryan NJ, Baird RW, Wright E, Crowe SM, Marshall JA. In vitro growth of the microsporidian S. intestinalis from an AIDS patient with disseminated illness. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 463–70.
  • Garcia LS, Shimizu RY, Bruckner DA. Detection of microsporidial spores in fecal specimens from patients diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32: 1739–41.
  • Gunnarsson G, Hurlbut D, Degirolami PC, Federman M, Wanke C. Multiorgan microsporidiosis: Report of five cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 37–44.
  • Weber R, Bryan RT, Schwarz DA, Owen RL. Human microsporidial infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 1994; 7: 426–61.
  • Hartskeerl RA, Van Gool T, Schuitema AR, Didier ES, Terpstra WJ. Genetic and immunologicalcharacterisation of the microsporidian Septata intestinalis, Cali, Kotler and Osrenstein 1993; reclassification to Encephalitozoon intestinalis. Parasitology 1995; 110: 277–85.
  • Ryan NJ, Sutherland G, Coughlan K, Globan M, Doultree J, Marshall J, et al. A new trichome blue stain for detection of microsporidial species in urine, stool, and nasopharyngeal specimens. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31: 3264–9.
  • Ruf B, Sandfort J. Human microsporidiosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994; 34: 609–11.
  • Didier ES, Orenstein JM, Aldras A, Bertucci D, Rogers LB, Janney FA. Comparison of three staining methods for detecting microsporidia in fluids. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 3138– 45.
  • Weber R, Bryan RT, Owen RL, Wilcox CM, Gorelkin L, Visvesvara GS and the Enteric Opportunistic Infections Working Group. Improved light-microscopical detection of microsporidia spores in stool and duodenal aspirates. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 161–5.
  • Asmuth DM, Degirolani PC, Federman M, Ezratty CR, Pleskow DK, Desai G, Wanke CA. Clinical features of microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18: 819–25.
  • Bryan RT. Microsporidiosis as an AIDS-related opportunistic infection. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: S62–5.
  • Shadduck JA. Human microsporidiosis and AIDS. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 203–307.
  • Kotler DP, Orenstein JM. Prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-infected individuals referred for gastroenterological evaluation. Am J Gastroenterol 1994; 89: 1998–2002.
  • Dore GJ, Marriott DJ, Hing MC, Harkness JL, Field AS. Disseminated microsporidiosis due to S. intestinalis in nine patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus; response to therapy with albendazole. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 70–6.
  • Curry A, Turner AJ, Lucas S. Opportunistic protozoon infection in human immunodeficiency virus disease: Review highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. J Clin Pathol 1991; 44: 182–93.
  • Rabeneck L, Gyorkey F, Genta RM, Gyorkey P, Foote LW, Risser JM. The role of microsporidia in the pathogenesis of HIV-related chronic diarrhoea. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 895–9.
  • Rabeneck L, Genta RM, Gyorkey F, Clarridge JE, Gyorkey P, Foote LW. Observations in the pathological spectrum and clinical course of microsporidiosis in men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus; follow-up study. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 20: 1229–35.
  • Orenstein JM, Dieterich DT, Kotler DP. Systemic dissemination by a newly recognised intestinal microsporidia species in AIDS. AIDS 1992; 6: 1143–50.
  • Vangool T, Snijders F, Reiss P, Eeftinck-Schattenkerk JK, van den Bergh-Weerman MA, Bartelsman JF, Bruins JJ, Canning EU, Dankert J. Diagnosis of intestinal and disseminated microsporidial infections in patients with HIV by a new rapid fluorescence technique. J Clin Pathol 1993; 46: 694–9.
  • Beaugerie L, Teilhac MF, Deluol AM, Fritsch J, Girard PM, Rozenbaum W, Le Quintrec Y, Chatelet FP. Cholangiopathy associated with microsporidia infection of the common bile duct mucosa in a patient with HIV infection. Ann Int Med 1992; 117: 401–2.
  • Pol S, Romana C, Richard S, Carnot F, Dumont JL, Bouch H, Pialoux G, Stern M, Pays JF, Berthelot P. Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-related sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 1778–81.
  • Kotler KP, Francisco A, Clayton F, Scholes JV, Orenstein JM. Small intestinal injury and parasitic diseases in AIDS. Ann Intern Med 1990; 113: 444–9.
  • Pol S, Romana CA, Richard S, Amouyal P, Desportes-Livage I, Carnot F, Pays JF, Berthelot P. Microsporidia infection in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus and unexplained cholangitis. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 95–9.
  • Willson R, Harrington R, Stewart B, Fritsche T. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated necrotizing cholangitis caused by infection with S. intestinalis. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 237–51.
  • Weber R, Kuster H, Keller R, Bachi T, Spycher MA, Briner J, Russi E, Luthy R. Pulmonary and intestinal microsporidiosis in a patient with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 146: 1603–5.
  • Schwartz DA, Visvesvara GS, Leitch GJ, Tashjian L, Pollack M, Holden J, Bryan RT. Pathology of symptomatic microsporidial bronchiolitis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Hum Pathol 1993; 24: 938–43.
  • Lacey CJ, Clarke AM, Fraser P, Metcalfe T, Bonsor G, Curry A. Chronic microsporidian infection of the nasal mucosae, sinuses and conjunctivae in HIV disease. Genitourin Med 1992; 68: 179–81.
  • Lewin SR, Hoy J, Crowe SM, McDonald CF. The role of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease in HIV-infected patients. Aust NZ J Med 1995; 25: 133–9.
  • Schwartz DA, Abou-Elella A, Wilcox CM, Gorelkin L, Visvesvara GS, Thompson SE, Weber R, Bryan RT. The presence of Enterocytozoon bieneusi spores in the lamina propria of small bowel biopsies with no evidence of disseminated microsporidiosis. Enteric Opportunistic Working Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995; 119: 424–8.
  • Simon D, Brandt LJ. Diarrhoea in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Gastroenterology 1993; 105: 1238–42.
  • Cali A, Kotler DP, Orenstein SM. S. intestinalis sp, an intestinal microsporidian associated with chronic diarrhoea and dissemination in AIDS patients. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1993; 40: 101–12.
  • Didier ES, Rogers LB, Orenstein JM, Baker MD, Vossbrinck CR, Van-Gool T. Characterization of Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis isolates cultured from nasal mucosa and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of two AIDS patients. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1996; 43: 34–43.
  • Aarons EJ, Woodrow D, Hollister WS, Canning EU, Francis N, Gazzard BG. Reversible renal failure caused by a microsporidian infection. AIDS 1994; 8: 1119–21.
  • Field AS, Hing MC, Milliken ST, Marriott DJ. Microsporidia in the small intestine of HIV infected patients. Med J Aust 1993; 158: 390–4.
  • Schattenkerk JK, Vangool T, Vanketel RJ, Bartelsman JF, Kulken CL, Terpstra WJ, Reiss P. Clinical significance of small intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV-1-infected individuals. Lancet 1991; 337: 895–7.
  • Orenstein JM, Chiang J, Steinberg W, Smith PD, Rotterdam H, Kotler DP. Intestinal microsporidiosis as a cause of diarrhoea in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. A report of 20 patients. Hum Pathol 1990; 21: 475–81.
  • Orenstein JM, Tenner M, Kotler DP. Localisation of infection by the microsporidian E. bieneusi in the gastrointestinal tract of AIDS patients with diarrhoea. AIDS 1992; 6: 195–7.
  • Lecuit M, Oksenhendler E, Sarfati C. Use of albendazole for disseminated microsporidian infection in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 19: 332–3.
  • Dieterich DT, Lew EA, Kotler DP, Poles MA, Orenstein JM. Treatment with albendazole for intestinal disease due to E. bieneusi in patients with AIDS. J Infect Dis 1994; 169: 78–183.
  • Haque A, Hollister WS, Willcox A, Canning EU. The antimicrosporidial activity of albendazole. J Invertebr Pathol 1993; 62: 171–7.
  • Caramello P, Mazzucco G, Romeo M, Ullio A, DeRosa G, Lucchini A, et al. Clinical and microscopical features of small-intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with AIDS. Infection 1995; 23: 362–8.
  • Blanshard C, Ellis DS, Tovey G, Dowell S, Gazzard BG. Treatment of intestinal microsporidiosis with albendazole in patients with AIDS. AIDS 1991; 6: 311–3.
  • Sobottka I, Albrecht H, Schafer H, Schottelius J, Visvesvara GS, Laufs R, Schwartz DA. Disseminated Encephalitozoon (Septata) intestinalis infection in a patient with AIDS; novel diagnostic approaches and autopsy-confirmed parasitological cure following treatment with albendazole. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33: 3948–52.
  • Franzen C, Muller A, Schwenk A, Salzberger B, Fatkenheuer G, Mahrie G, Diehl V, Schrappe M. Intestinal microsporidiosis with Septata intestinalis in a patient with AIDS-response to albendazole. J Infect 1995; 31: 237–9.
  • Molina JM, Okensenhendler E, Beavis B. Disseminated microsporidiosis due to Septata intestinalis in patients with AIDS: clinical features and response to albendazole therapy. J Infect Dis 1995; 171: 245–9.
  • Orenstein JM, Dieterich DT, Lew EA, Kotler DP. Albendazole as a treatment for intestinal and disseminated microsporidiosis due to S. intestinalis in AIDS patients: a report of four patients. AIDS 1993; 7: 540–2.
  • Joste NE, Rich JD, Busam KJ, Schwartz DA. Autopsy verification of Encephalitozoon intestinalis (microsporidiosis) eradication following albendazole therapy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1996; 120: 199–203.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.