New agents in intravesical chemotherapy of superficial bladder cancer

References

• Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, Parkin DM. Cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide, version 1.0. IARC Cancer Base No. 5. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Sant M, Aareleid T, Berrino F, Bielska Lasota M, Carli PM, Faivre J, et al. EUROCARE-3: Survival of cancer patients diagnosed 1990-94—results and commentary. Ann Oncol 2003;14\(Suppl 5):61–118.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart BW, Kleihus P, editors. World cancer report. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Huncharek M, Geschwind JF, Witherspoon B, McGarry R, Adcock D. Intravesical chemotherapy prophylaxis in primary superficial bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of 3703 patients from 11 randomized trials. J Clin Epidemiol 2000;53: 676–80.
   Google Scholar
• Althausen AF, Prout GR Jr, Daly JJ. Noninvasive papillary carcinoma of the bladder associated with carcinoma in situ. J Urol 1976;116:575–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutzeyer W, Rubben H, Dahm H. Prognostic parameters in superficial bladder cancer: an analysis of 315 cases. J Urol 1982;127: 250–2.
   Google Scholar
• Soloway MS. Managing superficial bladder cancer: an over-view. Urology 1992;40:5–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heney NM, Ahmed S, Flanagan MJ, Frable W, Corder MP, Hafermann MD, et al. Superficial bladder cancer: progres-sion and recurrence. J Urol 1983;130:1083–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abel PD. Follow-up of patients with "superficial" transi-tional cell carcinoma of the bladder: the case for a change in policy. Br J Urol 1993;72:135–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wade M, Seigne JD. Surgical management of bladder cancer in 2003. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2003;3:781–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Greenberg RE, Bahnson RR, Wood D, Childs SJ, Belling-ham C, Edson M, et al. Initial report on intravesical administration of N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD 32) to patients with refractory superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Urology 1997;49: 471–5.
   Google Scholar
• Patterson AL, Greenberg RE, Weems L, Bahnson R, Wajs-man Z, Israel M, et al. Pilot study of the tolerability and toxicity of intravesical valrubicin immediately after transur-ethral resection of superficial bladder cancer. Urology 2000; 56:232–5.
   Google Scholar
• Kuznetsov DD, Alsikafi NF, O'Connor RC, Steinberg GD. Intravesical valrubicin in the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2001;2:1009–13.
   Google Scholar
• Newling DW, Hetherington J, Sundaram SK, Robinson MR, Kisbenedek L. The use of valrubicin for the chemoresection of superficial bladder cancer—a marker lesion study. Eur Urol 2001;39:643–7.
   Google Scholar
• Steinberg G, Bahnson R, Brosman S, Middleton R, Wajs-man Z, Wehle M. Efficacy and safety of valrubicin for the treatment of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin refractory carcinoma in situ of the bladder. The Valrubicin Study Group. J Urol 2000;163:761–7.
   Google Scholar
• Luciani LG, Neulander E, Murphy WM, Wajsman Z. Risk of continued intravesical therapy and delayed cystectomy in BCG-refractory superficial bladder cancer: an investigational approach. Urology 2001;58:376–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hertel LW, Boder GB, Kroin JS, Rinzel SM, Poore GA, Todd GC, et al. Evaluation of the antitumor activity of gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine). Cancer Res 1990;50:4417–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plunkett W, Huang P, Xu YZ, Heinemann V, Grunewald R, Gandhi V. Gemcitabine: metabolism, mechanisms of action, and self-potentiation. Semin Oncol 1995;22(4 Suppl 11):3–10.
   Google Scholar
• Dalbagni G, Russo P, Sheinfeld J, Mazumdar M, Tong W, Rabbani F, et al. Phase I trial of intravesical gemcitabine in bacillus Calmette-Guerin-refractory transitional-cell carci-noma of the bladder. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:3193–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laufer M, Ramalingam S, Schoenberg MP, Haisfield-Wolf ME, Zuhowski EG, Trueheart IN, et al. Intravesical gemcitabine therapy for superficial transitional cell carci-noma of the bladder: a phase I and pharmacokinetic study. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:697–703.
   Google Scholar
• Witjes JA, van der Heijden AG, Vriesema JL, Peters GJ, Laan A, Schalken JA. Intravesical gemcitabine: a phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study. Eur Urol 2004;45:182–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Berardinis E, Antonini G, Peters GJ, Loves WJ, Van Der Born K, Codacci-Pisanelli G, et al. Intravesical administra-tion of gemcitabine in superficial bladder cancer: a phase I study with pharmacodynamic evaluation. BJU hit 2004;93: 491 —4.
   Google Scholar
• Walther MM, Trahan EE, Cooper M, Venzon D, Linehan WM. Suramin inhibits proliferation and DNA synthesis in transitional carcinoma cell lines. J Urol 1994;152:1599 — 602.
   Google Scholar
• Walther MM, Figg WD, Linehan WM. Intravesical suramin: a novel agent for the treatment of superficial transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder. World J Urol 1996;14(Suppl 1):8 — 11.
   Google Scholar
• Uchio EM, Linehan WM, Figg WD, Walther MM. A phase I study of intravesical suramin for the treatment of superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. J Urol 2003;169: 357–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solomon LZ, Jennings AM, Hayes MC, Bass PS, Birch BR, Cooper AJ. Is gamma-linolenic acid an effective intravesical agent for superficial bladder cancer? In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo tolerance studies. Urol Res 1998;26:11–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crook T, Hall S, Solomon L, Bass P, Cooper A, Birch B. Intravesical meglumine gamma-linolenic acid. Phase I toler-ability study in patients undergoing cystectomy. UroOncol-ogy 2000;1:39–42.
   Google Scholar
• Harris NM, Crook TJ, Dyer JP, Solomon LZ, Bass P, Cooper AJ, et al. Intravesical meglumine gamma-linolenic acid in superficial bladder cancer: an efficacy study. Eur Urol 2002;42:39–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Messing EM, Hanson P, Reznikoff CA. Normal and malignant human urothelium: in vitro response to blockade of polyamine synthesis and interconversion. Cancer Res 1988;48:357–61.
   Google Scholar
• Samma S, Uchida K, Seidenfeld J, Oyasu R. Effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on the development of deeply invasive urinary bladder carcinomas in mice. Urol Res 1990; 18:277–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bahnson RR, Ratliff TL, Inhibition of mouse bladder tumor proliferation by alpha difluoromethylornithine and interferon in vitro and in vivo. J Urol 1988;139:1367–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchida K, Seidenfeld J, Rademaker A, Oyasu R. Inhibitory action of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine-induced rat urinary bladder car-cinogenesis. Cancer Res 1989;49:5249–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Homma Y, Kakizoe T, Samma S, Oyasu R. Suppression of rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis by alpha-difluoromethy-lornithine. J Urol 1989;141:1454–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ratko TA, Detrisac CJ, Rao KV, Thomas CF, Kelloff GJ, Moon RC. Interspecies analysis of the chemopreventive efficacy of dietary alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Anticancer Res 1990;10:67–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venet M, End D, Angibaud P. Farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor ZARNESTRA R115777 —history of a discovery. Curr Top Med Chem 2003;3: 1095–102.
   Google Scholar
• Haluska P, Dy GK, Adjei AA. Farnesyl transferase inhibitors as anticancer agents. Eur J Cancer 2002;38:1685–700.
   Google Scholar
• Chambon P. A decade of molecular biology of retinoic acid receptors. FASEB J 1996;10:940–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moon RC, Detrisac CJ, Thomas CF, Kelloff GJ. Chemo-prevention of experimental bladder cancer. J Cell Biochem 1992;161:134–8.
   Google Scholar
• Costa A, Formelli F, Chiesa F, Decensi A, De Palo G, Veronesi U. Prospects of chemoprevention of human cancers with the synthetic retinoid fenretinide. Cancer Res 1994; 54(Suppl):2032–7.
   Google Scholar
• Decensi A, Bruno S, Torrisi R, Parodi S, Polizzi A. Pilot study of high dose fenretinide and vitamin A supplementa-tion in bladder cancer. Eur J Cancer 1994;30:1909–10.
   Google Scholar
• Decensi A, Torrisi R, Bruno S, Costantini M, Curotto A, Nicolo G, et al. Randomized trial of fenretinide in superficial bladder cancer using DNA flow cytometry as an intermedi-ate end point. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prey 2000;9: 1071–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grubbs CJ, Lubet RA, Koki AT, Leahy KM, Masferrer JL, Steele VE, et al. Celecoxib inhibits N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxy-butyp-nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancers in male B6D2F1 mice and female Fischer-344 rats. Cancer Res 2000;60:5599–602.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oosterlinck W, Bono AV, Mack D, Hall R, Sylvester R, de Balincourt C, et al. Frequency of positive biopsies after visual disappearance of superficial bladder cancer marker lesions. Eur Urol 2001;40:515–7.
   Google Scholar
• Smith JA Jr, Labasky RF, Cockett AT, Fracchia JA, Montie JE, Rowland RG. Bladder cancer clinical guidelines panel summary report on the management of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (stages Ta, Ti and Tis). J Urol 1999;162: 1697–701.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar