References
- World Health Organization. The influence of varicocele on parameters of fertility in a large group of men presenting to infertility clinics. Fertil Steril 1992;57:1289–93.
- Graif M, Hauser R, Hirshebein A, Botchan A, Kessler A, Yabetz H. Varicocele and the testicular-renal venous route: hemodynamic Doppler sonographic investigation. J Ultrasound Med 2000; 19: 627–31
- Buschi AJ, Harrison RB, Brenbridge AG, Williamson BRJ, Gentry RR, Cole R. Distended left renal vein CT/sonographic normal variant. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1980; 135: 339–42
- Fretz MC, Sandlow JI. Varicocele: current concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Urol Clin North Am 2002; 29: 921–37
- Turner TT. Varicocele: still an enigma. J Urol 1983; 129: 695–9
- Sayfan J, Halevy A, Oland J, Nathan H. Varicocele and left renal vein compression. Fertil Steril 1984; 41: 411
- Carl P, Stark L, Ouzoun N, Reindl P. Venous pressure in idiopathic varicocele. Eur Urol 1993; 24: 214
- Dever DP, Ginsburg ME, Millet DJ, Feinstein MJ, Cockett AT. Nutcracker phenomenon. Urology 1986; 27: 540
- Sigmund G, Gall H, Baehren W. Stop-type and shunt type varicoceles: venographic findings. Radiology 1987; 163: 105–10
- Zerhouni EA, Siegelman SS, Walsh PC, White RI. Elevated pressure in left renal vein in patients with varicocele: preliminary observations. J Urol 1980; 123: 512–3
- Nishimura Y, Fushiki M, Yoshida M, Nakamura K, Imai M, Ono T, et al. Left renal vein hypertension in patients with left renal vein bleeding of unknown origin. Radiology 1986; 160: 663–7
- Zerin JR, Hernandez RJ, Sedman AB, Kelsch RC. Dilatation of the left renal vein on computed tomography in children: a normal variation. Pediatr Radiol 1991; 21: 267–9
- Kim SH, Cho SW, Kim HD, Chung JW, Park JH, Han MC. Nutcracker syndrome: diagnosis with Doppler US. Radiology 1996; 198: 93–7
- Takebayashi S, Ueki T, Ikeda N, Fujikawa A. Diagnosis of the nutcracker syndrome with color Doppler sonography: correlation with flow patterns on retrograde left renal venography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172: 39–43
- Park SJ, Lim JW, Co BS, Yoon TY, Oh JH. Nutcracker syndrome in children with orthostatic proteinurea. J Ultrasound Med 2002; 21: 39–45
- Cho BS, Choi YM, Kang HH, Park SN, Lim JW, Yoon TY. Diagnosis of nut-cracker phenomenon using renal Doppler ultrasound in orthostatic proteinuria. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16: 1620–5