Uric acid as inducer of calcium oxalate crystal development

References

• Favus MJ, Coe FL. Clinical characteristics and pathogenetic mechanisms in hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate renal stones disease. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl 1980; 53: 171–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sorensen CM, Chandhoke PS. Hyperuricosuric calcium nephrolithiasis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2002; 31: 915–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brien G, Bick C. Allopurinol in the recurrence prevention of calcium oxalate lithiasis. Eur Urol 1977; 3: 35–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petit C. Calcium lithiasis: uric acid under question. Nephrologie 1984; 5: 192–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hofbauer J, Zechner O. Impact of allopurinol treatment on the prevention of hyperuricosuric calcium oxalate lithiasis. Eur Urol 1988; 15: 227–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer JL, Bergert JH, Smith LH. The epitaxially induced crystal growth of calcium oxalate by crystalline uric acid. Invest Urol 1976; 14: 115–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grases F, Costa-Bauzá A, March JG, Masárová L. Glycosaminoglycans, uric acid and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Urol Res 1991; 19: 375–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pak CYC, Arnold LH. Heterogeneous nucleation of calcium oxalate by seeds of monosodium urate. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1975; 149: 930–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fëllstrom B, Lindsjö M, Danielson BG, Ljunghall S, Wikström B. Binding of glycosaminoglycans to sodium urate and uric acid crystals. Clin Sci 1986; 71: 61–4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hesse A, Wurzel H, Krampitz G, Vahlensieck W. Experimental determination of the kinetics of calcium-bindings with chondroitin sulphate and effects of uric acid on this process. Urol Res 1989; 15: 93–7
   Google Scholar
• Zerwekh JE, Holt K, Pak CYC. Natural urinary macromolecular inhibitors: attenuation of inhibitory activity by urate salts. Kidney Int 1983; 23: 838–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover PK, Marshall VR, Ryall RL. Dissolved urate salts out calcium oxalate in undiluted human urine in vitro: implications for calcium oxalate stone genesis. Chem Biol 2003; 10: 271–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover PK, Ryall RL, Marshall VR. Dissolved urate promotes calcium oxalate crystallization: epitaxy is not the cause. Clin Sci 1993; 85: 303–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryall RL, Grover PK, Marshall VR. Urate and calcium stones—picking up a drop of mercury with one's fingers?. Am J Kidney Dis 1991; 17: 426–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover PK, Ryall RL. The effect of preincubation of seed crystals of uric acid and monosodium urate with undiluted human urine to induce precipitation of calcium oxalate in vitro: implications for urinary stone formation. Mol Med 2002; 8: 525–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grases F, Villacampa AI, Costa-Bauzá A, Söhnel O. Uric acid calculi: types, etiology and mechanism of formation. Clin Chim Acta 2000; 302: 89–104
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow K, Dixon J, Gilpin S, Kavanagh JP, Rao PN. A stone farm: development of a method for simultaneous production of multiple calcium oxalate stones in vitro. Urol Res 2004; 32: 55–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chow K, Dixon J, Gilpin S, Kavanagh JP, Rao PN. Citrate inhibits growth of residual fragments in an in vitro model of calcium oxalate renal stones. Kidney Int 2004; 65: 1724–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grases F, Costa-Bauzá A, Ramis M, Montesinos V, Conte A. Simple classification of renal calculi closely related to their micromorphology and etiology. Clin Chim Acta 2002; 322: 29–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grases F, Isern B, Perelló J, Costa-Bauzá A. The role of glycoproteins in calcium oxalate crystal development. BJU Int 2004; 94: 177–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grases F, Isern B, Perelló J, Costa-Bauzá A. Role of the organic matter in calcium oxalate lithiasis. Front Biosci 2005; 10: 1534–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grases F, Perelló J, Isern B, Costa-Bauzá A. Study of the relation between high fluoride intake and nephrolithiasis. Int Urol Nephrol 2006; In press.
   Google Scholar
• Grases F, Sanchis P, Perelló J, Costa-Bauzá A. Role of uric acid in different types of calcium oxalate renal calculi. Int J Urol 2006; 13: 252–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grases F, Ramis M, Villacampa AI, Costa-Bauzá A. Uric acid urolithiasis and crystallization inhibitors. Urol Int 1999; 62: 201–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar