Effect of correcting serum cholesterol levels on erectile function in patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction

References

• Lizza EF, Rosen RC. Definition and classification of erectile dysfunction: report of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Society of Impotence Research. Int J Impot Res 1999; 11: 141–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman HA, Goldstein I, Hatzichristou DG, Krane RJ, McKinlay JB. Impotence and its medical and psychosocial correlates: results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Urol 1994; 151: 54–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett AL. Erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2006; 175: 25–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wei M, Macera CA, Davis DR, Hornung CA, Nankin HR, Blair SN. Total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol as important predictors of erectile dysfunction. Am J Epidemiol 1994; 140: 930–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman HA, Johannes CB, Derby CA, Kleinman KP, Mohr BA, Araujo AB, et al. Erectile dysfunction and coronary risk factors: prospective results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Prev Med 2000; 30: 328–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seo KK, Yun HY, Kim H, Kim SC. Involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of cavernous smooth muscle in hypercholesterolemic rabbit. J Androl 1999; 20: 298–306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kim JH, Klyachkin ML, Svendsen E, Davies MG, Hagen PO, Carson CC III. Experimental hypercholesterolemia in rabbits induces cavernosal atherosclerosis with endothelial and smooth muscle cell dysfunction. J Urol 1994; 151: 198–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hattori Y, Nakanishi N, Kasai K. Statin enhances cytokine-mediated induction of nitric oxide synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2002; 54: 649–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsunekawa T, Hayashi T, Kano H, Sumi D, Matsui-Hirai H, Thakur NK, et al. Cerivastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase inhibitor, improves endothelial function in elderly diabetic patients within 3 days. Circulation 2001; 104: 376–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boolell M, Allen MJ, Ballard SA, Gepi-Attee S, Muirhead GJ, Naylor AM, et al. Sildenafil: an orally active type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 1996; 8: 47–52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, Osterloh IH, Kirkpatrick J, Mishra A. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology 1997; 49: 822–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saenz de Tejada I, Angulo J, Cellek S, Gonzalez-Cadavid N, Heaton J, Pickard R, et al. Pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2005; 2: 26–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azadzoi KM, Saenz de Tejada I. Hypercholesterolemia impairs endothelium-dependent relaxation of rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. J Urol 1991; 146: 238–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lue TF. Erectile dysfunction. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1802–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musicki B, Champion HC, Becker RE, Liu T, Kramer MF, Burnett AL. Erection capability is potentiated by long-term sildenafil treatment: role of blood flow-induced endothelial nitric-oxide synthase phosphorylation. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 68: 226–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie D, Kontos CD, Donatucci CF, Annex BH. Cholesterol feeding reduces vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in rabbit corporal tissues. J Sex Med 2005; 2: 634–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawrocki JW, Weiss SR, Davidson MH, Sprecher DL, Schwartz SL, Lupien PJ, et al. Reduction of LDL cholesterol by 25% to 60% in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia by atorvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15: 678–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker-Arkema RG, Davidson MH, Goldstein RJ, Davignon J, Isaacsohn JL, Weiss SR, et al. Efficacy and safety of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA 1996; 275: 128–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saltzman EA, Guay AT, Jacobson J. Improvement in erectile function in men with organic erectile dysfunction by correction of elevated cholesterol levels: a clinical observation. J Urol 2004; 172: 255–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann HC, Levine LA, Macaluso J, Jr, Walsh M, Bradbury D, Schwartz S, et al. Can atorvastatin improve the response to sildenafil in men with erectile dysfunction not initially responsive to sildenafil? Hypothesis and pilot trial results. J Sex Med 2006; 3: 303–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar