Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

References

• ASHTON, M., Sy, N. D., GORDI, T., HAI, T. N., THACH, D. C., HUONG, N. V., Nmu, N. T., FARAH, M. H., JOHANSSON, M. and CONo, L. D., 1996, Evidence for time-dependent artemisinin kinetics in patients with uncomplicated malaria. Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Letters, 6, 127–130.
   Google Scholar
• ASHTON M., SY, N. D., HUONG, N. V., GORDI, T., HAI, T. N., HUONG, D. X., N1EU, N. T. and CONo, L. D., 1998a, Artemisinin kinetics and dynamics during oral and rectal treatment of uncom-plicated malaria. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 63, 482–492.
   Google Scholar
• ASHTON M., HAI, T. N., SY, N. D., HUONG, D. X., HUONG, N. V., NiCu, N. T. and CONo, L. D., 1998b, Artemisinin pharmacokinetics is time-dependent in healthy subjects. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 26, 25–27.
   Google Scholar
• BAKHSHI, H., GORDI, T. and ASHTON M., 1997, In-vitro interaction between artemisinin and intact erythrocytes, erythrocyte ghosts, haemoglobin and carbonic anhydrase, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 49, 223–226.
   Google Scholar
• BREWER, T. 0., GRATE, S. J., PEGGINS, J. 0., WEINA, P. J., PETRAS, J. M., LEVINE, B. S., HUFFER, M. H. and SCHUSTER, B. G., 1994, Fatal neurotoxicity of arteether and artemether. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene., 51, 251–59.
   Google Scholar
• DIEN, T. K., DE VRIES, P. J., KHANH, N. X., KOOPMANS, R., BINH, L. N., Duc, D. D., KAGER, P. A. and VAN BOXTEL, C. J., 1997, Effect of food intake on pharmacokinetics of oral artemisinin in healthy Vietnamese subjects. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 41, 1069–1072.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EDLUND, P. 0., WESTERLUND D, CARLQVIST J, BO-LIANG, W. and YUNHUA, J., 1994, Determination of artesunate and dihydroartemisinine in plasma by liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization and UV-detection. Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 21, 223–234.
   Google Scholar
• MEN, T. T. and WHITE, N. J., 1993, Qinghaosu. Lancet, 341, 603–608.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KAICUN, Z. and ZHENYU, S., 1989, Distribution and excretion of artesunate in rats. Proceedings of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the Peking Union Medical College, 4, 186–188.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• KLAYMAN, D. L., 1985, Qinghaosu (artemisinin): an antimalarial drug from China. Science, 228, 1049–1055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• HUFFORD, C.-D., LEE, E. E. I.-S., ELSOHLY, H. N., CHI, H. T. and BAKER, J. K., 1990, Structure elucidation and thermospray high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (HPLC/MS) of the microbial and mammalian metabolites of the antimalarial arteether. Pharmaceutical Research, 7, 923–927.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• LESKOVAC, V. and THEOHARIDES, A. D., 1991, Hepatic metabolism of artemisinin drugs — I. Drug metabolism in rat liver microsomes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 99C, 383–390.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Q.-G., PEGGINS, J. 0., FLECKENSTEIN, L. L., MASONIC, K., HEIFFER, M. H. and BREWER, T. G., 1998, The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of dihydroartemisinin, arteether, artemether, artesunic acid and artelinic acid in rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 50, 173–182.
   Google Scholar
• LIN J. H., CHIBA M., CHEN I. W., NISHEVIE J. A. and VASTAG, K. J., 1996, Sex-dependent pharma-cokinetics of indinavir : in vivo and in vitro evidence. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 24, 1298–1306.
   Google Scholar
• LIDDLE, C., MODE, A., LEGRAVEREND, C. and GUSTAVSSON, J. A., 1992, Constitutive expression and hormonal regulation of male sexually differentiated cytochrome P450 in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Archives in Biochemistry and Biophysics, 298, 159–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LOWRY, 0. H., ROSEBROUGH, N. J. and RANDALL, R. J., 1951, Colorimetric determinations of proteins. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 193, 265–275.
   Google Scholar
• MAURIZIS, J. C., MADELMONT, J. C., RAPP, M., MARIJNEN, C., CERF, M. C., GILLARDIN, J. M., LEPAGE, F. and VEYRE, A., 1997, Disposition and metabolism of 2,6-dimethylbenzamide N-(5-methy1-3-isoxazoly1) (D2916) in male and female rats. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 25, 33–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MESHNICK, S. R., TAYLOR, T. E. and KAMCHONWONGPAISA N, S., 1996, Artemisinin and the antimalarial endoperoxides: from herbal remedy to targeted chemotherapy. Microbiological Reviews, 60, 301–315.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Niu, X. Y., Ho, L. Y., REN, Z. H. and SONG, Z. Y., 1985, Metabolic fate of qinghaosu in rats; a new TLC densiometric method for its determination in biological material. European journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, 10, 55–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ROWLAND, M. and TOZER, T. N., 1995, Clinical Pharmacokinetics : Concepts and Applications, 3rd edn (Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins), pp. 137–155.
   Google Scholar
• SHAH, V. P., MIDHA, K. K., DIGHE, S., MCGILVERAY, I. J., SKELLY, J. P., YACOBI, A., LAYLOFF, VISWANATHAN, C. T., COOK, C. E., McDowALL, R. D., PITTMAN, K. A. and SPECTOR, S., 1992, Analytical methods validation: bioavailability, bioequivalence and pharmacokinetic studies. Pharmaceutical Research, 9, 588–592.
   Google Scholar
• SHIMADA, M., MURAYAMA, N., NAGATA, K., HASHIMOTO, H., ISHIKAWA, H. and YAMAZOE, Y., 1997, A specific loss of growth hormone abolished sex-dependent expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 in dwarf rats: reversal of the profiles by growth hormone-treatment. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 337, 34–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SIDHU, J. S. and ASHTON M., 1997, Single-dose comparative study of venous, capillary and salivary artemisinin concentrations in healthy male, adults. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 56, 13–16.
   Google Scholar
• SIDHU, J. S., ASHTON, M., HUONG, N. V., HAI, T. N., KARLSSON, M. 0., Sy, N. D., JoNssoN, E. N. and CONG, L. D., 1998, Artemisinin population pharmacokinetics in children and adults with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 45, 347–354.
   Google Scholar
• THOMPSON, K. L., VINCENT, S. H., MILLER, R. R., COLLETTI, A. E., ALVARO, R. F., WALLACE, M. A., FEENEY, W. P. and LEE CHIU, S.-H., 1997, Pharmacokinetics and disposition of the oxytocin receptor antagonist L-3868,899 in rats and dogs. Drug Metabolism and Disposition, 25,1113–1118.
   Google Scholar
• TITULAER, H. A. C., FLING, W. M. C. and ZUIDEMA, J., 1993, Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects of artelinic acid in rodents. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 45, 830–835.
   Google Scholar
• UNDP/WoRLD BANK/WHO SPECIAL PROGRAMME FOR RESEARCH AND TRAINING IN TROPICAL DISEASES, 1981, The Development of Qinghaosu and its Derivatives as an Antimalarial Drug. IV. Meeting of the Scientific Working Group on the Chemotherapy of Malaria, China, 6–10 October 1981 (Meeting report). [Addendum: YANG, L.-X., Studies on the toxicity of qinghaosu and its derivatives (China Cooperative Research Group on Qinghaosu and its Derivatives as Anti-malarials).]
   Google Scholar
• DE VRIES, P. J. and DIEN, T. K., 1996, Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic potential of artemisinin and its derivatives in the treatment of malaria. Drugs, 52, 818–836.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WAXMAN, D. J. and CHANG, T. K. H., 1995, Hormonal regulation of liver cytochrome P450 enzymes. In P. R. Ortiz de Montellano (ed.), Cytochrome P450, Structure, Mechanism and Biochemistry (New York: Plenum), pp. 391–418.
   Google Scholar
• WAXMAN, D. J., RAM, P. A., PAMPORI, N. A. and SHAPIRO, B. H., 1995, Growth hormone regulation of male-specific rat liver P450s 2A2 and 3A2: induction by intermittent growth hormone pulses in male but not female rats rendered hormone deficient by neonatal monosodium glutamate. Molecular Pharmacology, 48, 790–797.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar