66
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A generic MSA: what problems will it solve and what problems will it create?

ORCID Icon
Pages 160-172 | Received 21 Dec 2023, Accepted 22 Dec 2023, Published online: 20 Mar 2024

References

  • Bahra, N. 2024. “The other MSA: non-Aterian lithic assemblages in Algeria, characteristics and attribution.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 59: 22–52.
  • Basell, L. 2013. “The Middle Stone Age of eastern Africa.” In The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology, edited by P.J. Mitchell and P.J. Lane, 387–402. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Basell, L.S. and Spinapolice E. E.. 2024. “Time, the MSA and lithic analyses following the Third Science Revolution.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 59: 140–159.
  • Bishop, W.W. and Clark, J.D. (eds). 1967. Background to Evolution in Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Blinkhorn, J. and Grove, M. 2018. “The structure of the Middle Stone Age of eastern Africa.” Quaternary Science Reviews 195: 1–20.
  • Boëda, E., Geneste, J.M. and Meignen, L. 1990. “Identification de chaines opératoires lithiques du Paléolithique ancien et moyen.” Paléo 2: 43–80.
  • Bordes, F. 1961a. “Mousterian cultures in France.” Science 134: 803–810.
  • Bordes, F. 1961b. Typologie du Paléolithique Ancien et Moyen. Bordeaux: Delmas.
  • Chang, Y-W. 2016. “Influence of the principle of least effort across disciplines.” Scientometrics 106: 1117–1133.
  • Clark, G.A. 1994. “Migration as an explanatory concept in Palaeolithic archaeology.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 1: 305–343.
  • Clark, J.D. 1984. “The cultures of the Middle Palaeolithic/Middle Stone Age.” In The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 1 From the Earliest Times to c. 500 BC, edited by J.D. Clark, 248–341. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Clark, J.D. 1988. “The Middle Stone Age of East Africa and the beginnings of regional identity.” Journal of World Prehistory 2: 235–305.
  • Clark, J.D., Cole, G.H., Isaac, G.L. and Kleindienst, M.R. 1966. “Precision and definition in African archaeology.” South African Archaeological Bulletin 21: 114–121.
  • Clark, J.G.D. 1969. World Prehistory: A New Outline. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Daniel, G.E. and Renfrew, A.C. 1988. The Idea of Prehistory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Dibble, H., Aldeias, V., Jacobs, Z., Olszewski, D.I., Rezek, Z., Lin, S.C., Alvarez-Fernandez, E., Barshay-Szmidt, C.C., Hallett-Desguez, E., Reed, D., Reed, K., Richter, D., Steele, T.E., Skinner, A., Blackwell, B., Doronicheva, E. and El-Hajraoui M. 2013. “On the industrial attributions of the Aterian and Mousterian of the Maghreb.” Journal of Human Evolution 64: 194–210.
  • Fleming, H.C., Zegura, S.L., Harrod, J.B., Bengtson, J.D. and Keita, S.O.Y. 2013. “The early dispersions of Homo sapiens sapiens and proto-humans from Africa.” Journal of the Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory 18: 143–187.
  • Goodwin, A.J.H. and van Riet Lowe, C. 1929. “The Stone Age cultures of South Africa.” Annals of the South African Museum 27: 1–289.
  • Grove, M. and Blinkhorn J. 2020. “Neural networks differentiate between Middle and Later Stone Age lithic assemblages in eastern Africa.” PLoS ONE 15(8): e0237528.
  • Henri-Martin, L. 1923. Recherches sur lEvolution du Moustérien dans le Gisement de La Quina (Charente) — Tome 2: Industrie Lithique. Angoulême: Mémoires de la Société Archéologique et Historique de la Charente.
  • Kintigh, K.W., Altschul, J.H., Beaudry, M.C., Drennan, D., Kinzig, A.P., Kohler, T.A., Limp, W.F., Maschner, H.D.G., Michener, W.K., Pauketat, T.R., Peregrine, P., Sabloff, J.A., Wilkinson, T.J., Wright, H.T. and Zeder, M.A. 2014. “Grand challenges for archaeology.” American Antiquity 79: 5–24.
  • Kleindienst, M.R. 1967. “Questions of terminology in regard to the study of Stone Age industries in eastern Africa: ‘cultural stratigraphic units’.” In Background to Evolution in Africa, edited by W.W. Bishop and J.D. Clark, 861–878. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Kuhn, S.L. 1995. Mousterian Lithic Technology: An Ecological Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Kuhn, S.L. 2020. “Moving on from here: suggestions for the future of ‘mobility thinking’ in studies of Paleolithic technologies.” Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology 3: 664–681.
  • Mellars, P. 1996. The Neanderthal Legacy: An Archaeological Perspective from Western Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Monnier, G.F. and Missal, K. 2014. “Another Mousterian Debate? Bordian facies, chaîne opératoire technocomplexes, and patterns of lithic variability in the western European Middle and Upper Pleistocene.” Quaternary International 350: 59–83.
  • Paige, J. and Perreault, C. 2023. “How surprising are lithic reduction strategies? The information entropy of the Modes A–I framework.” Lithic Technology 23: 237–252.
  • Ranhorn, K.L. and Tryon, C.A. 2018. “New radiocarbon dates from Nasera Rockshelter (Tanzania): implications for studying spatial patterns in late Pleistocene technology.” Journal of African Archaeology 16: 211–222.
  • Robertshaw, P.T. (ed.). 1990. A History of African Archaeology. Oxford: James Currey.
  • Scerri, E.M.L. 2017. “The North African Middle Stone Age and its place in recent human evolution.” Evolutionary Anthropology 26: 119–135.
  • Scerri, E.M.L., Drake, N.A., Jennings, R. and Groucutt, H.S. 2014. “Earliest evidence for the structure of Homo sapiens populations in Africa.” Quaternary Science Reviews 101: 207–216.
  • Scerri, E.M.L., Thomas, M.G., Manica, A., Gunz, P., Stock, J.T., Stringer, C., Grove, M., Groucutt, H.S., Timmermann, A., Rightmire, G.P., d’Errico, F., Tryon, C.A., Drake, N.A., Brooks, A.S., Dennell, R.W., Durbin, R., Henn, B.M., J. Lee-Thorp, J., deMenocal, P., Petraglia, M.D., Thompson, J.C., Scally, A. and Chikhi, L. 2018. “Did our species evolve in subdivided populations across Africa, and why does it matter?” Trends in Ecology & Evolution 33: 582–594.
  • Scerri, E.M.L. and Will, M. 2023. “The revolution that still isn’t: the origins of behavioral complexity in Homo sapiens.” Journal of Human Evolution 179: 103358.
  • Shea, J.J. 2008. “The Middle Stone Age archaeology of the Lower Omo Valley Kibish Formation: excavations, lithic assemblages, and inferred patterns of early Homo sapiens behavior.” Journal of Human Evolution 55: 448–485.
  • Shea, J.J. 2011. “Homo sapiens is as Homo sapiens was: behavioral variability vs. ‘behavioral modernity’ in Paleolithic archaeology.” Current Anthropology 52: 1–35.
  • Shea, J.J. 2013a. “Lithic Modes A–I: a new framework for describing global-scale variation in stone tool technology illustrated with evidence from the East Mediterranean Levant.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 20: 151–186.
  • Shea, J.J. 2013b. Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic of the Near East: A Guide. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shea, J.J. 2014. “Sink the Mousterian? Named stone tool industries (NASTIES) as obstacles to investigating hominin evolutionary relationships in the Later Middle Paleolithic Levant.” Quaternary International 350: 169–179.
  • Shea, J.J. 2017a. “Occasional, obligatory, and habitual stone tool use in hominin evolution.” Evolutionary Anthropology 26: 200–217.
  • Shea, J.J. 2017b. Stone Tools in Human Evolution: Behavioral Differences among Technological Primates. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shea, J.J. 2020. Prehistoric Stone Tools of Eastern Africa: A Guide. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Shea, J.J. 2023. The Unstoppable Human Species: Homo sapiens’ Emergence in Prehistory. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stiner, M.C. 1994. Honor among Thieves: a Zooarchaeological Study of Neandertal Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Taylor, N. 2024. “‘What sort of thing is an elephant?’ Reviewing the evidence for a ‘generic’ MSA in Central Africa.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 59: 53–75.
  • Timbrell, L. 2024. “Ecology and demography of early Homo sapiens: a synthesis of archaeological and climatic data from eastern Africa.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 59: 76–110.
  • Timbrell, L., Habte, B., Tefera, Y., Maroma, C., Ndiema, E., Plomp, K., Blinkhorn, J. and Grove, M. 2023. “Stone point variability reveals spatial, chronological and environmental structuring of eastern African Middle Stone Age populations.” Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 59: 111–139.
  • Tryon, C.A. 2019. “The Middle/Later Stone Age transition and cultural dynamics of late Pleistocene East Africa.” Evolutionary Anthropology 28: 267–282.
  • Tryon, C.A. and Faith, J.T. 2013. “Variability in the Middle Stone Age of eastern Africa.” Current Anthropology 54: S234–S254.
  • Will, M. Tryon, C.A., Shaw, M., Scerri, E.M.L., Ranhorn, K.L., Pargeter, J., McNeil, J., Mackay, A., Leplongeon, A., Groucutt, H.S., Douze, K. and Brooks, A.S. 2019. “Comparative analysis of Middle Stone Age artifacts in Africa (CoMSAfrica).” Evolutionary Anthropology 28: 57–59.
  • Zipf, G.K. 1949. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort: An Introduction to Human Ecology. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.