389
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Feature Review

State-of-the-art anterior cruciate ligament tears: A primer for primary care physicians

, , , , , & show all
Pages 169-177 | Received 24 Oct 2014, Accepted 07 Jan 2015, Published online: 23 Feb 2015

References

  • Spindler KP, Wright RW. Clinical practice. anterior cruciate ligament tear. N Engl J Med 2008;359:135–42.
  • Nedeff DD, Bach BRJr. Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon autografts: a comprehensive review of contemporary literature. Am J Knee Surg 2001;14:243–58.
  • Morelli V, Bright C, Fields A. Ligamentous injuries of the knee: anterior cruciate, medial collateral, posterior cruciate, and posterolateral corner injuries. Prim Care 2013;40:335–56.
  • Musculoskeletal problems are common in family practice [Conference Highlights]. Am Fam Physician 1996;54:2524.
  • Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: part 1, mechanisms and risk factors. Am J Sports Med 2006;34:299–311.
  • Shimokochi Y, Shultz SJ. Mechanisms of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Athl Train 2008;43:396–408.
  • Bach BRJr, Alford JW. Managing ACL tears: evaluation and diagnosis. J Musculoskel Med 2004;21:381G–390.
  • Linko E, Harilainen A, Malmivaara A, Seitsalo S. Surgical versus conservative interventions for anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005:CD001356.
  • Lubowitz JH, Hwang M, Piefer J, Pflugner R. Anterior cruciate ligament femoral footprint anatomy: systematic review of the 21st century literature. Arthroscopy 2014;30:539–41.
  • Zantop T, Petersen W, Sekiya JK, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament anatomy and function relating to anatomical reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2006;14:982–92.
  • Acevedo RJ, Rivera-vega A, Miranda G, Micheo W. Anterior cruciate ligament injury: identification of risk factors and prevention strategies. Curr Sports Med Rep 2014;13:186–91.
  • Claes S, Vereecke E, Maes M, et al. Anatomy of the anterolateral ligament of the knee. J Anat 2013;223:321–8.
  • Claes S, Bartholomeeusen S, Bellemans J. High prevalence of anterolateral ligament abnormalities in magnetic resonance images of anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees. Acta Orthop Belg 2014;80:45–9.
  • Beynnon BD, Johnson RJ, Naud S, et al. Accelerated versus nonaccelerated rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomized, double-blind investigation evaluating knee joint laxity using roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Am J Sports Med 2011;39:2536–48.
  • Shea KG, Grimm NL, Ewing CK, Aoki SK. Youth sports anterior cruciate ligament and knee injury epidemiology: who is getting injured? In what sports? When? Clin Sports Med 2011;30:691–706.
  • Lim BO, Lee YS, Kim JG, et al. Effects of sports injury prevention training on the biomechanical risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament injury in high school female basketball players. Am J Sports Med 2009;37:1728–34.
  • Ashikaga T. The effect of neuromuscular training on the incidence of knee injury in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med 2000;28:919–20.
  • Sadoghi P, von Keudell A, Vavken P. Effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention training programs. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2012;94:769–76.
  • Carborn DN, Johnson BM. The natural history of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Clin Sports Med 1993;12:625–35.
  • Yoo JC, Ahn JH, Lee SH, Yoon YC. Increasing incidence of medial meniscal tears in nonoperatively treated anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency patients documented by serial magnetic resonance imaging studies. Am J Sports Med 2009;37:1478–83.
  • Benjaminse A, Gokeler A, van der Schans CP. Clinical diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a meta-analysis. J Ortho Sports Phys Ther 2006;36:267.
  • Solomon DH, Simel DL, Bates DW, et al. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? Value of the physical examination. JAMA 2001;286:1610–20.
  • Kopkow C, Freiberg A, Kirschner S, et al. Physical examination tests for the diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament rupture: a systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43:804–13.
  • Bowers AL, Spindler KP, McCarty EC, Arrigain S. Height, weight, and BMI predict intra-articular injuries observed during ACL reconstruction: evaluation of 456 cases from a prospective ACL database. Clin J of Sport Med 2005;15:9–13.
  • Hernandez L, Micheo W, Amy E. Rehabilitation update for the anterior cruciate ligament injured patient: current concepts. Bol Asoc Med P R 2006;98:62–72.
  • Miyasaka KC, Daniel DM, Stone ML, Hirschman P. The incidence of knee ligament injuries in the general population. Am J Knee Surg 1991;4:43–8.
  • Piasecki DP, Spindler KP, Warren TA, et al. Intraarticular injuries associated with anterior cruciate ligament tear: findings at ligament reconstruction in high school and recreational athletes: an analysis of sex-based differences. Am J Sports Med 2003;31:601–5.
  • Barber FA. What is the terrible triad? Arthroscopy 1992;8:19–22.
  • Fetzer GB, Spindler KP, Amendola A, et al. Potential market for new meniscus repair strategies: evaluation of the MOON cohort. J Knee Surg 2009;22:180–6.
  • Wind WM, Bergfeld JA, Parker RD. Evaluation and treatment of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: revisited. Am J Sports Med 2004;32:1765–75.
  • O’Keefe KP, Sanson TG. Chapter 278 Hip and knee pain. In Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, ed. Tintinalli’s emergency medicine: a comprehensive study guide. 7th edition. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
  • Hing W, White S, Reid D, Marshall R. Validity of the McMurray’s test and modified versions of the test: a systematic literature review. J Man Manip Ther 2009;17:22–35.
  • Konan S, Rayan F, Haddad FS. Do physical diagnostic tests accurately detect meniscal tears? Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2009;17:806–11.
  • Malanga GA, Andrus S, Nadler SF, Mclean J. Physical examination of the knee: a review of the original test description and scientific validity of common orthopedic tests. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:592–603.
  • Ng WH, Griffith JF, Hung EH, et al. Imaging of the anterior cruciate ligament. World J Orthop 2011;2:75–84.
  • Araujo P, van Eck CF, Torabi M, Fu FH. How to optimize the use of MRI in anatomic ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2013;21:1495–501.
  • Starman JS, Vanbeek C, Armfield DR, et al. Assessment of normal ACL double bundle anatomy in standard viewing planes by magnetic resonance imaging. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007;15:493–9.
  • Sarraf KM, Sadri A, Thevendran G, Vedi V. Approaching the ruptured anterior cruciate ligament. Emerg Med J 2011;28:644–9.
  • Monk AP, Hopewell S, Harris K, et al. Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014:CD011166.
  • Casteleyn P-P, Handelberg F. Non-operative management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the general population. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996;78:446–51.
  • AAOS. Summary of Recommendations for the Management of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries AAOS. 2014. Available from http://www.aaos.org/Research/guidelines/ACLGuideline.asp. AAOS Cited January 12, 2014.
  • Swirtum LR, Jansson A, Renstrom P. The effects of a functional knee brace during early treatment of patients with a non-operated acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: a prospective randomized study. Clin J Sport Med 2005;15:299–304.
  • Sherman MF, Warren RF, Marshall JL, Savatsky GJ. A clinical and radiological analysis of 127 anterior cruciate insufficient knees. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1988;227:229–37.
  • Seng K, Appleby D, Lubowitz JH. Operative versus non-operative treatment of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in patients aged 40 years or older: an expected-value decision analysis. Arthroscopy 2008;24:914–20.
  • Frobell RB, Roos EM, Roos HP, et al. A randomized trial of treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. N Engl J Med 2010;363:331–42.
  • Lohmander S, Englund PM, Dahl LL, Roos EW. The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries. Am J Sports Med 2007;35:1756–69.
  • Rout R, McDonnell S, Hulley P, et al. The pattern of cartilage damage in antero-medial osteoarthritis of the knee and its relationship to the anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Res 2013;31:908–13.
  • Small NC, Glogau AI, Berezin MA, Farless BL. Office operative arthroscopy of the knee: technical considerations and a preliminary analysis of the first 100 patients. Arthroscopy 1994;10:534–9.
  • Halbrecht JL, Jackson DW. Office arthroscopy: A diagnostic alternative. Arthroscopy 1992;8:320–6.
  • Wong E, Stewart M. Predicting the scope of practice of family physicians. Can Fam Physician 2010;56:e219–25.
  • Von porat A, Roos EM, Roos H. High prevalence of osteoarthritis 14 years after an anterior cruciate ligament tear in male soccer players: a study of radiographic and patient relevant outcomes. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:269–73.
  • Meisterling SW, Schoderbek RJJr, Andrews JR. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Oper Tech Sports Med 2009;17:2–10.
  • Shaarani SR, O’hare C, Quinn A, et al. Effect of prehabilitation on the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:2117–27.
  • Daniel DM, Stone ML, Dobson BE, et al. Fate of the ACL-injured patient. A prospective outcome study. Am J Sports Med 1994;22:632–44.
  • Fithian DC, Paxton EW, Stone ML, et al. Prospective trial of a treatment algorithm for the management of the anterior cruciate ligament-injured knee. Am J Sports Med 2005;33:335–46.
  • Frobell RB, Roos EM, Roos HP, et al. A randomized trial of treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. N Engl J Med 2010;363:331–42.
  • Théoret D, Lamontagne M. Study on three-dimensional kinematics and electromyography of ACL deficient knee participants wearing a functional knee brace during running. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2006;14:555–63.
  • Maletis GB, Inacio MC, Funahashi TT. Analysis of 16,192 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions from a community-based registry. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:2090–8.
  • Salzler MJ, Lin A, Miller CD, et al. Complications after arthroscopic knee surgery. Am J Sports Med 2014;42:292–6.
  • Barrett AM, Craft JA, Replogle WH, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament graft failure: a comparison of graft type based on age and Tegner activity level. Am J Sports Med 2011;39:2194–8.
  • Wright RW, Magnussen RA, Dunn WR, Spindler KP. Ipsilateral graft and contralateral ACL rupture at five years or more following ACL reconstruction: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2011;93:1159–65.
  • Hui C, Salmon LJ, Kok A, et al. Fifteen-year outcome of endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft for "isolated" anterior cruciate ligament tear. Am J Sports Med 2011;39:89–98.
  • Shaarani SR, O’hare C, Quinn A, et al. Effect of prehabilitation on the outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:2117–27.
  • Patil S, Steklov N, Bugbee WD, et al. Anti-gravity treadmills are effective in reducing knee forces. J Orthop Res 2013;31:672–9.
  • Murawski CD, van Eck CF, Irrgang JJ, et al. Operative treatment of primary anterior cruciate ligament rupture in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:685–94.
  • Morgan JA, Dahm D, Levy B, Stuart MJ. Femoral tunnel malposition in ACL revision reconstruction. J Knee Surg 2012;25:361–8.
  • Miller MD, Gerdeman AC, Miller CD, et al. The effects of extra-articular starting point and transtibial femoral drilling on the intra-articular aperture of the tibial tunnel in ACL reconstruction. Am J Sports Med 2010;38:707–12.
  • Salzler MJ, Harner CD. Tunnel placement for the ACL during reconstructive surgery of the knee. JBJS Rev 2014;2:4.
  • Riboh JC, Hasselblad V, Godin JA, Mather RC. Transtibial versus independent drilling techniques for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Am J Sports Med 2013;41:2693–702.
  • Frobell RB, Roos HP, Roos EM, et al. Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: five year outcome of randomised trial. BMJ 2013;346:f232.
  • Chalmers PN, Mall NA, Moric M, et al. Does ACL reconstruction alter natural history?: A systematic literature review of long-term outcomes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96:292–300.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.