Substance Use Disorder Among Adoptees: A Clinical Comparative Study

REFERENCES

• Andresen IL. Behavioural and school adjustment of 12–13-year old internationally adopted children in Norway: A research note. Journal Child Psychology Psychiatry 1992; 33(2):427–439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hostetter MK, Iverson S, Thomas W, McKenzie D, Dole K, Johnson DE. Medical evaluation of internationally adopted children. New Engl J Med 1991; 325(7):479–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skodak M, Skeels HM. A final follow-up study of one hundred adopted children. J Gen Psychology 1949; 78:85–125.
   Google Scholar
• Benson P, Sharma A, Roehlkepartain E. Growing Up Adopted: A Portrait of Adolescents and Their Families. Minneapolis, MN: Search Institute, 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Mattes JA, Fink M. A controlled family study of adopted parents with temper outbursts. J Nerv Mental Dis 1990; 178(2):138–140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tizard B, Rees J. The effect of early institutional rearing on the behaviour problems and affectional relationships of four-year-old children. Journal Child Psychology Psychiatry 1975; 75:92–99.
   Google Scholar
• Groza V. Institutionalization, behavior, and interntional adoption. Journal Immigrant Health 1999; 1(3):133–143.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Groza V. Successful Adoptive Families: A Longitudinal Study of Special Needs Adoption. New York: Praeger, 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Brodzinsky DM, Schechter MD. The Psychology of Adoption. London: Oxford University Press, 1990.
   Google Scholar
• Holden NL. Adoption and eating disorders: A high-risk group? British Journal Psychiatry 1991; 158:829–833.
   Google Scholar
• Bohman M, Cloninger CR, VonKnorring AL, Sigvardsson S. An adoption study of somatoform disorders: III. Cross-fostering analysis and genetic relationship to alcoholism and criminality. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41(9):872–878.
   Google Scholar
• Slap G, Goodman E. Adoption as a risk factor for attempted suicide during adolescence. Pediatrics 2001; 108(2):E30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fergusson DM, Lynskey M. The adolescent outcomes of adoption: A 16-year longitudinal study. Journal Child Psychology Psychiatry 1995; 36(4):597–615.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawthon J, Gross S. Review of psychiatric literature on adopted children. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1964; 11:635–644.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wahlberg KE, Wynne LC, Oja H, Keskitalo P, Pykalainen L, Lahti I, Moring J, Naarala M, Sorri A, Seitamaa M, Laksy KJK, Tienari P. Gene-environment interaction in vulnerabilkity to Schizophrenia: Findings from the Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia. American Journal Psychiatry 1997; 154(3):355–362.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cadoret RJ. Adoption studies. Alcohol Health & Research World 1995; 19(3):195–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cadoret RJ, Cain C. Sex differences in predictors of antisocial behavior in adoptees. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37:1171–1175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koren G, Nulman I. Long-term neurodevelopmental risks in children exposed in utero to cocaine: The Toronto Adoption Study. Annals New York Academy Science 1998; 846:306–313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nulman I, Rovet J. Neurodevelopment of adopted children exposed in utero to cocaine: The Toronto Adoption Study. Clinical Investigat. Medicine 2001; 24(3):129–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipman EL, Offord DR. Follow-up of psychiatric and educational morbidity among adopted children. Journal American Academy Child Adolescent Psychiatry 1993; 32(5):1007–1012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloninger CR, Bohman M, Sigvardsson S. Inheritance of alcohol abuse: Cross fostering analysis of adopted men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981; 38:861–868.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloninger CR. Neurogenetic adaptive mechanisms in alcoholism. Science 1987; 236:410–416.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dickson LR, Heffron WM, Parker C. Children from disrupted and adoptive homes on an inpatient unit. American Journal Orthopsychiatry 1990; 37:1171–1175.
   Google Scholar
• Westermeyer J, Wahmanholm K, Thuras P. Effects of childhood physical abuse on course and severity of substance abuse. American Journal Addictions 2000; 26(4):523–535.
   Google Scholar
• Westermeyer J, Yargic I, Thuras P. Michigan Assessment-Screening Test for Alcohol and Drugs (MAST/AD): Evaluation in a clinical sample. American Journal Addictions 2004; 13:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westermeyer J, Nugent S, Crosby R. The Minnesota Substance Abuse Problem Scale: Psychometric analysis and validation in two clinical samples. American Journal Addictions 1998; 7(1):24–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Westermeyer J, Thuras P. A method for assigning treatment costs for Substance Use Disorder. Addictive Disorders & Their Therapy (Accepted).
   Google Scholar
• Miller BC, Fan X. Comparisons of adopted and nonadopted adolescents in a large, nationally representative sample. Child Development 2000; 71(5):1458–1473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadoret RJ, Troughton E, O'Gorman TW. Genetic and environmental factors in alcohol abuse and antisocial personality. Journal Studies Alcohol 1987; 48:1–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meehl PE. Theoretical risks and tabular asterisks: Sir Karl, Sir Ronald, and slow progress of soft psychology. Journal Consulting Clinical Psychology 1978; 46:806–834.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar