2,010
Views
86
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original

Medical education and the maintenance of incompetence

Pages 690-696 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

References

  • Barrows HS. An overview of the uses of standardized patients for teaching and evaluating clinical skills. Academic Medicine 1993; 68(6)443–451
  • Barzun J. Multiple choice flunks out. New York Times. 1988, October 11
  • Cathell DW. Book on the Physician Himself. FA Davis, Philadelphia and London 1890
  • Davis DA, Mazmanian PE, Fordis M, Van Harrison R, Thorpe KE, Perrier L. Accuracy of physician self-assessment compared with observed measures of competence: A systematic review. JAMA 2006; 296(9)1094–1102
  • Eva KW. On the generality of specificity. Medical Education 2003; 37: 587–588
  • Foucault M. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. Random House, New YorkUSA 1965
  • Foucault M. The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Pantheon Books, New York 1969
  • Hanna M, Fins JJ. Why simulation training ought to be complemented by experiential and humanist learning. Academic Medicine 2006; 81(3)265–270
  • Harden RM, Gleeson FA. Assessment of clinical competence using an objective structured clinical examination. Medical Education 1979; 13: 41–47
  • Harden R. Interview recorded in Dundee. Scotland 2005, January 2005, unpublished
  • Hodges B, Regehr G, McNaughton N, Tiberius R, Hanson M. OSCE checklists do not capture increasing levels of expertise. Academic Medicine 1999; 74(10)64–69
  • Hodges B, Regehr G, Martin D. Difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence: Doctors who are unskilled and unaware of it. Academic Medicine 2001; 76(10 Suppl)S87–S89
  • Hodges B. OSCE! Variations on a theme by Harden. Medical Education 2003a; 37(12)1134–1140
  • Hodges B. Validity and the OSCE. Medical Teacher 2003b; 25(3)250–254
  • Hodges B. Medical student bodies and the pedagogy of self-reflection, self-assessment and self-regulation. Journal of Curriculum Theory 2004; 20(2)41–51
  • Hodges B. The Birth and World-wide Adoption of the OSCE: An Advanced Socio-historical Study. Association for Medical Education in Europe, Amsterdam 2005a
  • Hodges B. The many and conflicting histories of medical education in Canada and the United States: an introduction to the paradigm wars. Medical Education 2005b; 39: 613–621
  • Kasper DL. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York 2005
  • Kruger J, Dunning D. Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1999; 77(6)1121–1134
  • Miller G. The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance. Academic Medicine 1990; 65(9)S63–S67
  • Nelson S, Purkis ME. Mandatory reflection: The Canadian reconstitution of the competence nurse. Nursing Inquiry 2004; 11(4)247–257
  • Norman GR, van der Vleuten CP, De Graaff E. Pitfalls in the pursuit of objectivity: Issues of validity, efficiency and acceptability. Medical Education 1991; 25(2)119–126
  • Norman G. Editorial-checklists vs. ratings, the illusion of objectivity, the demise of skills and the debasement of evidence. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2005; 10(1)1–3
  • Ontario Ministry of Education. Issues and Directions. Government of Ontario, Toronto 1980
  • Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC). Maintenance of competence program guide. 2006, http://rcpsc.medical.org/main_e.php (accessed 1 September 2006)
  • Schon DA. Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Toward a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA 1987
  • Segouin C, Hodges B. Educating physicians in France and Canada: are the differences based on evidence or history?. Medical Education 2005; 39: 1205–1212
  • Shorter E. Doctors and their Patients: a Social History. Simon and Schuster, New York 1985
  • Schuwirth LWT, van der Vleuten CPM. A plea for new psychometric models in educational assessment. Medical Education 2006; 40: 296–300
  • Van de Vleuten CPM. Validity of final examinations in undergraduate medical training. British Medical Journal 2000; 321: 1217–1219
  • Van der Vleuten CPM, Norman GR, De Graaff E. Pitfalls in the pursuit of objectivity: issues of reliability. Medical Education 1991; 25(2)110–118
  • Wallace P. Following the treads of innovation: the history of standardized patients in medical education. Caduceus 1997; 13(2)5–28

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.