The role of nanofluids in the performance augmentation for the solar collectors used in solar water heating

References

• Akoh, Hiroshi, Yukihiro Tsukasaki, Shigeki Yatsuya, and Akira Tasaki. 1978. “Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic Ultrafine Particles Prepared by Vacuum Evaporation on Running oil Substrate.” Journal of Crystal Growth 45: 495–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(78)90482-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alami, Abdul Hai, Abdullah Abu Hawili, Kamilia Aokal, Mohammed Faraj, and Muhammad Tawalbeh. 2020. “Enhanced Heat Transfer in Agitated Vessels by Alternating Magnetic Field Stirring of Aqueous Fe–Cu Nanofluid.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 20: 100640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.100640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez, G., J. Arce, L. Lira, and M. R. Heras. 2004. “Thermal Performance of an air Solar Collector with an Absorber Plate Made of Recyclable Aluminium Cans.” Solar Energy 77: 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.02.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amir Hossein, Ghobadi, and Mosayeb Gholinia Hassankolaei. 2019. “Numerical Treatment of Magneto Carreau Nanofluid Over a Stretching Sheet Considering Joule Heating Impact and Nonlinear Thermal ray.” Heat Transfer—Asian Research 48 (8): 4133–4151. https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.21585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonelli, M., M. Francesconi, P. Di Marco, and U. Desideri. 2016. “Analysis of Heat Transfer in Different CPC Solar Collectors: A CFD Approach.” Applied Thermal Engineering 101: 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.12.033.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asadi, Amin, Ibrahim M. Alarifi, Vakkar Ali, and Hoang M. Nguyen. 2019. “An Experimental Investigation on the Effects of Ultrasonication Time on Stability and Thermal Conductivity of MWCNT-Water Nanofluid: Finding the Optimum Ultrasonication Time.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 58: 104639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashok Kumar, M., K. Deepak, C. V. K. N. S. N. Moorthy, and B. Subramanyam. 2018. “Influence of Fiber Orientation on the Properties of Composites.” International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 8 (1): 487–494. https://doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdfeb201854.
   Google Scholar
• Azha, NurrilIkmal Shamsul, Hilmi Hussin, Mohammad Shakir Nasif, and Tanweer Hussain. 2020. “Thermal Performance Enhancement in Flat Plate Solar Collector Solar Water Heater: A Review.” Processes 756 (8): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070756.
   Google Scholar
• Barot Vishalkumar, G., and K. D. Panchal. 2015. “Nanofluid: A Tool to Increase the Efficiency of Solar Collector.” International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology 5 (2): 350–355. https://ijiet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/50.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bhowmik, Himangshu, and Ruhul Amin. 2017. “Efficiency Improvement of Flat Plate Solar Collector Using Reflector.” Energy Reports 3: 119–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2017.08.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chellapilla, V. K. N. S. N. M., S. R. Teja, S. Jayakumar, Ayyagari Kiran Kumar, and V. Srinivas. 2020. “Ethylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids – Estimation of Stability and Thermophysical Properties.” Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 15: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5098/hmt.15.7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Hui-Jiuan, and Dongsheng Wen. 2011. “Ultrasonic - Aided Fabrication of Gold Nanofluids.” Nanoscale Research Letters 6 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-6-198.
   Google Scholar
• Choi, S. U. S., and J. A. Eastman. 1995. “Enhancing Thermal Conductivity of Fluids with Nanoparticles.” In Conference: 1995 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exhibition. San Francisco, CA: Argonne National Lab.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper, Thomas, Fabian Dähler, Gianluca Ambrosetti, Andrea Pedretti, and Aldo Steinfeld. 2013. “Performance of Compound Parabolic Concentrators with Polygonal Apertures.” Solar Energy 95: 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.06.023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding, Yulong, Hajar Alias, Dongsheng Wen, and Richard A. Williams. 2006. “Heat Transfer of Aqueous Suspensions of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT Nanofluids).” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49 (1–2): 240–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.07.009.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastman, J. A., U. S. Choi, S. Li, L. J. Thompson, and S. Lee. 1996. “Enhanced Thermal Conductivity Through the Development of Nanofluids.” Materials research society symposium-proceedings, materials research society, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Boston, MA, USA 457: 3–11.
   Google Scholar
• Fatemeh Harsij Sani, Mohsen, and MosayebGholinia. Pourfallah. 2022. “The Effect of MoS2–Ag/ H2O Hybrid Nanofluid on Improving the Performance of a Solar Collector by Placing Wavy Strips in the Absorber Tube.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 30 (1): 101760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.101760.
   Google Scholar
• Fedele, Laura, Laura Colla, Sergio Bobbo, Simona Barison, and Filippo Agresti. 2011. “Experimental Stability Analysis of Different Water-Based Nanofluids.” Nanoscale Research Letters 6 (1): 300. https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-6-300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajic, M., N. Karwa, A. Mojiri, and G. Rosengarten. 2015. “Modeling Reflection Loss from an Evacuated Tube Inside a Compound Parabolic Concentrator with a Cylindrical Receiver.” Optics Express 23: 493–501. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.00A493.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghobadi, Amir Hossein, Mahbod Armin, Saber Gholinia Hassankolaei, and Mosayeb Gholinia Hassankolaei. 2022. “A new Thermal Conductivity Model of CNTs/C2H6O2–H2O Hybrid Base Nanoliquid Between two Stretchable Rotating Discs with Joule Heating.” International Journal of Ambient Energy 43 (1): 3310–3321. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2020.1824942.
   Google Scholar
• Graves, J. E., E. Latvyte˙, A. Greenwood, and N. G. Emekwuru. 2019. “Ultrasonic Preparation, Stability and Thermal Conductivity of a Capped Copper-Methanol Nanofluid.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 55: 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.02.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graves, John E., Mark Sugden, Robert E. Litchfield, David A. Hutt, Timothy J. Mason, and Andrew J. Cobley. 2016. “Ultrasound Assisted Dispersal of a Copper Nanopowder for Electroless Copper Activation.” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 29: 428–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.10.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta, Munish, Vinay Singh, Rajesh Kumar, and Z. Said. 2017. “A Review on Thermophysical Properties of Nanofluids and Heat Transfer Applications.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 74: 638–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamza, Babar, and Ali Hafiz Muhammad. 2019. “Airfoil Shaped pin-fin Heat Sink: Potential Evaluation of Ferric Oxide and Titania Nanofluids.” Energy Conversion and Management 202 (2): 112194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112194.
   Google Scholar
• Hao, Zhang, Qing Shan, Zhai Yuling, Zhang Xiaohui, and Zhang Aimin. 2020. “The Changes Induced by pH in TiO2/Water Nanofluids: Stability, Thermophysical Properties and Thermal Performance.” Powder Technology 377 (0032-5910): 748–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.004.
   Google Scholar
• Harrabi, Intissar, Mohamed Hamdi, and Majdi Hazami. 2021. “Long-Term Performances and Technoeconomic and Environmental Assessment of Al2O3/Water and MWCNT/Oil Nanofluids in Three Solar Collector Technologies.” Hindawi Journal of Nanomaterials 2021: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6461895.
   Google Scholar
• Hawwash, A. A., Maqusood Ahamed, S. A. Nada, Ali Radwan, and Ali K. Abdel-Rahman. 2021. “Thermal Analysis of Flat Plate Solar Collector Using Different Nanofluids and Nanoparticles Percentages.” IEEE Access 9: 52053–52066. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3060004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang, Yujin, Jae-Keun Lee, Jong-Ku Lee, Young-Man Jeong, Seong-ir Cheong, Young-Chull Ahn, and Soo H. Kim. 2008. “Production and Dispersion Stability of Nanoparticles in Nanofluids, Powder Technology.” Powder Technology 186 (2): 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2007.11.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii, Satoshi, Pasupathi Sugavaneshwar Ramu, Kai Chen, Thang Duy Dao, and Tadaaki Nagao. 2016. “Solar Water Heating and Vaporization with Silicon Nanoparticles at mie Resonances.” Optical Materials Express 6 (2): 640–648. https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.6.000640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayaraj, A., C. V. K. N. S. N. Moorthy, V. S. N. Venkataramana, S. Jaikumar, and V. Srinivas. 2020. “Corrosion, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Aluminium Alloy Metal Matrix Nano Composites (AA-MMNCs) with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.” SN Applied Sciences 2 (7). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-3081-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jebasingh, V. K., and G. J. Herbert. 2015. “A Review of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54 (C): 1085–1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.043.
   Google Scholar
• Johari, Dilip, Ashok Yadav, and Ravi Verma. 2012. “Study of Solar Water Heaters Based on Exergy Analysis.” Proceedings of the national conference on trends and advances in mechanical engineering, YMCA University of Science & Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, October 19-20.
   Google Scholar
• Khullar, Vikrant, and Himanshu Tyagi. 2012. “A Study on Environmental Impact of Nanofluid-Based Concentrating Solar Water Heating System.” International Journal of Environmental Studies 69 (2): 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2012.663227.
   Google Scholar
• Khurana, Nikhita, Pinklesh Arora, Avinash S. Pente, K. Pancholi, Virendra Kumar, Chetan P. Kaushik, and Sunita Rattan. 2006. “Surface Modification of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Vinyltriethoxy Silane (VTES).” Applied Surface Science 252: 5227–5232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.08.004.
   Google Scholar
• Korres, D. N., and C. Tzivanidis. 2019. “Numerical Investigation and Optimization of an Experimentally Analyzed Solar CPC.” Energy 172: 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.01.119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, Rajneesh, Manjeet Kharub, Rajesh Sharma, Hrisheekesha Periapattana Nagaraj, Varun Goel, Suvanjan Bhattacharyya, and Vineet Veer Tyagi Varun. 2023. “A Novel Design for Solar Collector Used for Water Heating Application Having Nanofluid as Working Medium: Cfd modeling and Simulation.” Research Square 30: 3942–3952. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1366665/v1.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, A. K., V. Srinivas, and C. V. K. S. N. Murthy. 2018. “Modelling and Performance Analysis of Aero Piston Engine.” Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 10 (7): 344–348.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar Tiwari, Arun, Pradyumna Ghosh, and Jahar Sarkar. 2013. “Solar Water Heating Using Nanofluids - A Comprehensive Overview and Environmental Impact Analysis.” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 3 (3): 221–224.
   Google Scholar
• Li, Xiaoke, Wenjing Chen, and Changjun Zou. 2020. “The Stability, Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes Nanofluids with High Particle Concentration: A Surface Modification Approach.” Powder Technology 361: 957–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, L., M. Wang, and Y. Liu. 2015. “Experimental Investigation on Preparation and Stability of Al2O3/CuO-Water Nanofluids.” Proceedings of the 2015 Asia-pacific energy equipment engineering research conference, 99–102. https://doi.org/10.2991/ap3er-15.2015.24.
   Google Scholar
• Lo, Chih-Hung, Tsing-Tshih Tsung, Liang-Chia Chen, Chun-His Su, and Hong-Ming Lin. 2005. “Fabrication of Copper Oxide Nanofluid using Submerged Arc Nanoparticle Synthesis System (SANSS).” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 7 (2-3): 313–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-004-7770-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madala, Srikanth, and Robert F. Boehm. 2016. “Effect of Reflection Losses on Stationary Dielectric-Filled Nonimaging Concentrators.” Journal of Photonics for Energy 6 (4): 047002. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JPE.6.047002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madala, Srikanth, and Robert F. Boehm. 2017. “A Review of Nonimaging Solar Concentrators for Stationary and Passive Tracking Applications.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 71: 309–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahbubul, M., Tet Hien Chong, S. S. Khaleduzzaman, I. M. Shahrul, R. Saidur, B. D. Long, and M. A. Amalina. 2014. “Effect of Ultrasonication Duration on Colloidal Structure and Viscosity of Alumina–Water Nanofluid.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 53 (16): 6677–6684. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie500705j.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahendran, M., G. C. Lee, K. V. Sharma, A. Shahrani, and R. A. Bakar. 2012. “Performance of Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Using Water-Based Titanium Oxide Nanofluid.” Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 3: 301–310. https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.3.2012.6.0028.
   Google Scholar
• Mahian, Omid, Ali Kianifar, Soteris A. Kalogirou, Ioan Pop, and Somchai Wongwises. 2013. “A Review of the Applications of Nanofluids in Solar Energy.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 57 (2): 582–594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.10.037.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzinghi, P., and V. Bratina. 2002. “Concentration of Radiation on EUSO Focal Plane Detectors: Theoretical Limitations and Practical Implementation.” 1–16.
   Google Scholar
• Moorthy, C. V. K. N. S. N., K. Bharadwajan, and V. Srinivas. 2017. “Computational Studies on Aero-Thermodynamic Design and Performance of Centrifugal Turbo-Machinery.” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8 (5): 320–333.
   Google Scholar
• Moorthy, C. V. K. N. S. N., and V. Srinivas. 2018a. “Discretization Analysis of a Composite GFRP Cylinder.” International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE) 7 (4): 277–279. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20088.
   Google Scholar
• Moorthy, C. H. V. K. N. S. N., and V. Srinivas. 2018b. “Stress Analysis of Domestic Composite LPG Cylinder Using Classical Lamination Theory (CLT).” International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE) 7 (4): 68–70. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20013.
   Google Scholar
• Morsi, Rania E., and Radwa A. El-Salamony. 2019. “Effect of Cationic, Anionic and non-Ionic Polymeric Surfactants on the Stability, Photo-Catalytic and Antimicrobial Activities of Yttrium Oxide Nanofluids.” Journal of Molecular Liquids 297: 111848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111848.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Msomi, Velaphi, and Ouasin Nemraoui. 2017. “Improvement of the Performance of Solar Water Heater Based on Nanotechnology.” 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, San Diego, CA, USA, 524–527. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRERA.2017.8191116.
   Google Scholar
• Nasrin, Rehena, and M. A. Alim. 2015. “Thermal Performance Of Nanofluid Filled Solar Flat Plate Collector.” International Journal Of Heat And Technology 33 (2): 17–24. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.330203.
   Google Scholar
• Niyat Zadeh, M., M. Pourfallah, S. Safari Sabet, M. Gholinia, S. Mouloodi, and A. Taheri Ahangar. 2021. “Performance Assessment and Optimization of a Helical Savonius Wind Turbine by Modifying the Bach’s Section.” SN Applied Sciences 3: 739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-021-04731-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olia, H., M. Torabi, M. Bahiraei, M. H. Ahmadi, M. Goodarzi, and M. R. Safaei. 2019. “Application of Nanofluids in Thermal Performance Enhancement of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector: State-of-the-Art.” Applied Sciences 9 (3): 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030463.
   Google Scholar
• Ordonez F., F. Chejne, P. Farid, and C. Karen. 2020. “Synthesis of ZrO2 Nanoparticles and Effect of Surfactant on Dispersion and Stability.” Ceramics International 46 (8): 11970–11977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sai Bhargava Reddy, M., N. Jayarambabu, R. Kiran Kumar Reddy, Saraswathi Kailasa, and K. Venkateswara Rao. 2020. “Study of Acoustic and Thermodynamic Factors of Synthesized ZnO-Water Nanofluid by Ultrasonic Technique.” Materials Today: Proceedings 26 (1): 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.04.200.
   Google Scholar
• Said, Z., M. A. Sabiha, R. Saidur, A. Hepbasli, N. A. Rahim, S. Mekhilef, and T. A. Ward. 2015. “Performance Enhancement of a Flat Plate Solr Collector Using Titanium Dioxide Nanofluid and Polyethylene Glycol Dispersant.” Journal of Cleaner Production 92: 343–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.01.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sang, Lixia, Wenming Ai, Yuting Wu, and Chongfang Ma. 2019. “SiO2-ternary Carbonate Nanofluids Prepared by Mechanical Mixing at High Temperature: Enhanced Specific Heat Capacity and Thermal Conductivity.” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 203: 110193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110193.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaker, Behzad, Mosayeb Gholinia, Mohsen Pourfallah, and D. D. Ganji. 2022. “CFD Analysis of Al2O3-Syltherm oil Nanofluid on Parabolic Trough Solar Collector with a new Flange-Shaped Turbulator Model.” Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters 12 (2): 100323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taml.2022.100323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikholeslami, M. 2022a. “Analyzing Melting Process of Paraffin Through the Heat Storage with Honeycomb Configuration Utilizing Nanoparticles.” Journal of Energy Storage 52: 104954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.104954.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikholeslami, M. 2022b. “Modeling Investigation for Energy Storage System Including Mixture of Paraffin and ZnO Nano-Powders Considering Porous Media.” Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 219: 111066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2022.111066.
   Google Scholar
• Sheikholeslami, M. 2022c. “Numerical Analysis of Solar Energy Storage Within a Double Pipe Utilizing Nanoparticles for Expedition of Melting.” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 245: 111856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2022.111856.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikholeslami, M. 2022d. “Numerical Investigation of Solar System Equipped with Innovative Turbulator and Hybrid Nanofluid.” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 243: 111786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2022.111786.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikholeslami, M., and Z. Ebrahimpour. 2022. “Thermal Improvement of Linear Fresnel Solar System Utilizing Al2O3-Water Nanofluid and Multi-way Twisted Tape.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 176: 107505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.107505.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheikholeslami, M., and M. Jafaryar. 2023. “Thermal Assessment of Solar Concentrated System with Utilizing CNT Nanoparticles and Complicated Helical Turbulator.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 184: 108015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.108015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivakumar, P., W. Christ Raj, N. Jaya Malathi, and R. Balamurugan. 2013. “Experimental Investigation of Nano Particles Blended with Water on Solar Flat Plate Collector.” Advanced Materials Research 768: 164–170. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.768.164.
   Google Scholar
• Srinivas, V., A. Jayaraj, V. S. N. Venkataramana, H. Ravisankar, and Moorthy Ch. V. K. N. S. N. 2020. “Mechanical, Corrosion and Cavitation Erosion Properties of LM 9 Grade Aluminium–Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composites.” Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering 20 (4): 1126–1135. https://doi.org/10.1080/14484846.2020.1784557.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivas, V., Ch. V. K. N. S. N. Moorthy, V. Dedeepya, P. V. Manikanta, and V. Satish. 2016. “Nanofluids with CNTs for automotive applications.” Heat and Mass Transfer 52 (4): 701–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1588-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivas, V., C. V. K. N. S. N. Moorthy, S. Ravi Teja, V. Swathi, and D. N. V. Sravya. 2019. “Prediction of Thermo-Physical Properties of Solar Thermic Fluids Dispersed with Carbon Nanotubes Using Artificial Neural Networks.” JP Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 18 (1): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.17654/HM018010001.
   Google Scholar
• Srinivas, V., U. Pathem, V. S. N. Venkataramana, K. R. R. Chebattina, and C. V. K. N. S. N. Moorthy. 2019. “The Investigations on Aluminium Substrates Coated with Micro-Sized WC-CO/Cr3C2-Nicr Multi-Layered Hard Coating.” International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 9 (4): 859–868. https://doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdaug201988.
   Google Scholar
• Srinivasa Rao, P., C. H. V. K. N. S. N. Moorthy, and V. Srinivas. 2017. “Turbulence Modeling and Numerical Analysis for the Configuration of a Supersonic air Ejector.” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 8 (10): 130–139.
   Google Scholar
• Suman, Siddharth, Mohd. Kaleem Khan, and Manabendra Pathak. 2015. “Performance Enhancement of Solar Collectors- A Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 49: 192–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.087.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tahat, A., M. Abukhalaf, and O. Elmuhesen. 2011. “Solar Energy Water Heater Remote Monitoring and Control System.” International conference on electronic devices, systems and applications (ICEDSA), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2011: 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEDSA.2011.5959056.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, Erjun, Guoxiang Cheng, Xiaolu Ma, Xingshou Pang, and Qiang Zhao. 2006. “Surface Modification of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle by PMAA and its Dispersion in Aqueous System.” Applied Surface Science 252 (14): 5227–5232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.08.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vishal, G. Shelke, Chinmay V. Patil, and Kishor R. Sontakke. 2015. “Solar Water Heating Systems: A Review.” International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER) 3 (4): 13–17.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Xiang-Qi, and Arun S. Mujumdar. 2007. “Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nanofluids: A Review.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 46 (1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.06.010.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wen, D., and Y. Ding. 2012. “Experimental Investigation into the Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of Aqueous Based γ-Alumina Nanofluids.” Journal of Nanoparticle Research 7: 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-005-3478-9.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, X., and Z. H. Liu. 2010. “A Kind of Nanofluid Consisting of Surface-Functionalized Nanoparticles.” Nanoscale Research Letters 5: 1324–1328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11671-010-9646-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yıldırım, Erdal, and Ali Yurddaş. 2021. “Assessments of Thermal Performance of Hybrid and Mono Nanofluid U-Tube Solar Collector System.” Renewable Energy 171: 1079–1096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yousefia, Tooraj, Farzad Veysia, Ehsan Shojaeizadeha, and Sirus Zinadinib. 2012. “An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Al2O3-H2O Nanofluid on the Efficiency of Flat-Plate Solar Collectors.” Renewable Energy 39 (1): 293–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2011.08.056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, Q., Y. J. Kim, and H. Ma. 2008. “Nanofluids with Plasma Treated Diamond Nanoparticles.” Applied Physics Letters 92 (10): 103111-1–103111-3. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2894520.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng, Wandong, Lin Yang, Huan Zhang, Shijun You, and Chunguang Zhu. 2016. “Numerical and Experimental Investigation on a new Type of Compound Parabolic Concentrator Solar Collector.” Energy Conversion and Management 129: 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.10.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu, H. T., Y. S. Lin, and Y. S. Yin. 2004. “A Novel one-Step Chemical Method for Preparation of Copper Nanofluids.” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 277 (1): 100–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.04.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar