References
- Abreu, S. L., and S. Colle. 2004. “An Experimental Study of two-Phase Closed Thermosyphons for Compact Solar Domestic hot-Water Systems.” Solar Energy 76 (1-3): 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.02.001.
- Alammar, A. A., R. K. Al-Dadaha, and S. M. Mahmoud. 2016. “Numerical Investigation of Effect of Fill Ratio and Inclination Angle on a Thermosiphon Heat Pipe Thermal Performance.” Applied Thermal Engineering 108: 1055–1065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.163.
- Alammar, A. A., R. K. Al-Dadaha, and S. M. Mahmoud. 2018. “Effect of Inclination Angle and Fill Ratio on Geyser Boiling Phenomena in a two-Phase Closed Thermosiphon”.” Energy Conversion and Management 156: 150–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.11.003.
- Alizadehdakhel, A., M. Rahimi, and A. A. Alsairafi. 2010. “CFD Modelling of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Thermosyphon.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 37 (3): 312–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.09.002.
- Alshukri, M. J., A. A. Eidan, and S. I. Najim. 2021a. “Thermal Performance of Heat Pipe Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Integrated with Different Types of Phase Change Materials at Various Location.” Renewable Energy 171: 635–646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.02.143.
- Alshukri, M. J., A. A. Eidan, and S. I. Najim. 2021b. “The Influence of Integrated Micro-ZnO and Nano-CuO Particles/Paraffin wax as a Thermal Booster on the Performance of Heat Pipe Evacuated Solar Tube Collector.” Journal of Energy Storage 37: 102506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102506.
- Alshukri, M. J., A. K. Hussein, A. A. Eidan, and A. I. Alsabery. 2022. “A Review on Applications and Techniques of Improving the Performance of Heat Pipe-Solar Collector Systems.” Solar Energy 236: 417–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.03.022.
- ANSYS FLUENT. 2013. “Theory Guide (Release 15.0). Multiphase Flows”. ANSYS Inc. November 2013, pp. 465–600.
- Arat, H., O. Arslan, U. Ercetin, and A. Akbulut. 2021. “Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Closed Thermosyphon at Different Volumes and Inclination Angles for Variable Vacuum Pressures.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 26: 101117–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101117.
- Benabderrahmane, A., A. Benazza, and A. K. Hussein. 2020. “Heat Transfer Enhancement Analysis of Tube Receiver for Parabolic Trough Solar Collector With Central Corrugated Insert.” Journal of Heat Transfer 142 (6): 062001–3. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4046440.
- Cheng, Z. D., Y. L. He, J. Xiao, Y. B. Tao, and R. J. Xu. 2010. “Three-dimensional Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Receiver Tube of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 37 (7): 782–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2010.05.002.
- Du, B., E. Hu, and M. Kolhe. 2013. “An Experimental Platform for he-at Pipe Solar Collector Testing.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 17: 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.009.
- Dunn, P. D., and D. A. Reay. 1994. Heat Pipes. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press.
- Fadhl, B., L. C. Wrobel, and H. Jouhara. 2013. “Numerical Modelling of the Temperature Distribution in a two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon.” Applied Thermal Engineering 60 (1-2): 122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.06.044.
- Fathabadi, H. 2020. “Novel low-Cost Parabolic Trough Solar Collector with TPCT Heat Pipe and Solar Tracker: Performance and Comparing with Commercial Flat-Plate and Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors.” Solar Energy 195: 210–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/jsolener.2019.11.057.
- Fatouh, M., N. Saad, M. Antar, and M. Abdala. 2022. “Effects of Fins Base Rounding on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Absorber Tube of Parabolic Trough Collector.” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 48: 2851–2871. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-06948-6.
- Ghodbane, M., B. Boumeddane, and A. K. Hussein. 2021. “Performance Analysis of a Solar- Driven Ejector air Conditioning System Under el-Oued Climatic Conditions, Algeria.” Journal of Thermal Engineering 7 (1): 172–189. https://doi.org/10.18186/thermal.847334.
- Hussein, A. K. 2015. “Applications of Nanotechnology in Renewable Energies—A Comprehensive Overview and Understanding.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 42: 460–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.027.
- Hussein, A. K. 2016. “Applications of Nanotechnology to Improve the Performance of Solar Collectors – Recent Advances and Overview.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62: 767–792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.050.
- Hussein, H. M. S., H. H. El-Ghetany, and S. A. Nada. 2006. “Performance of Wickless Heat Pipe Flat Plate Solar Collectors Having Different Pipes Cross Sections Geometries and Filling Ratios.” Energy Conversion and Management 47 (11-12): 1539–1549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2005.08.009.
- Hussein, A. K., D. Lib, L. Kolsic, S. Katad, and B. Sahooe. 2017. “A Review of Nano Fluid Role to Improve the Performance of the Heat Pipe Solar Collectors.” Energy Procedia 109: 417–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.044.
- Hussein, A. K., A.A. Walunj, and L. Kolsi. 2015. “Applications of Nanotechnology to Enhance the Performance of the Direct Absorption Solar Collectors”. Journal of Thermal Engineering 2 (1): 529–540. http://eds.yildiz.edu.tr/journal- of-thermal-engineering/Articles.
- Jamil, B., A. T. Siddiqui, and N. Akhtar. 2016. “Estimation of Solar Radiation and Optimum Tilt Angles for South-Facing Surfaces in Humid Subtropical Climatic Region of India.” Engineering Science and Technology, An International Journal 19 (4): 1826–1835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2016.10.004.
- Jouhara, H., B. Fadhl, and L. C. Wrobel. 2016. “Three-dimensional CFD Simulation of Geyser Boiling in a two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon”. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy xxx: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.02.038.
- Jouhara, H., and A. J. Robinson. 2010. “Experimental Investigation of Small Diameter two- Phase Closed Thermosyphons Charged with Water, FC-84, FC-77 and FC-3283.” Applied Thermal Engineering 30 (2-3): 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.08.007.
- Jubori, A. A., and Q. A. Jawad. 2020. “Computational Evaluation of Thermal Behaviour of a Wickless Heat Pipe Under Various Conditions.” Applied Thermal Engineering 174: 115295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.100767.
- Kabeel, A. E., and M. Abdelgaied. 2014. “An Innovative Solar Water Collector Using Heat Pipe with Inner Rings”.” International Journal of Ambient Energy, https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2014.964369.
- Kadijani, O. N., H. K. Moghadam, S. S. M. Ajarostaghi, A. Asadi, and M. S. Pour. 2022. “Hydrothermal Performance of Humid air Flow in a Rectangular Solar air Heater Equipped with V Shaped Ribs.” Energy Science & Engineering 10 (7): 2276–2289. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1136.
- Kavusi, H., and D. Toghraie. 2017. “A Comprehensive Study of the Performance of a Heat Pipe by Using of Various Nanofluids.” Advanced Powder Technology 28 (11): 3074–3084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2017.09.022.
- Khalid, S. U., H. M. Ali, M. A. Nasir, R. A. Pasha, Z. Said, L. S. Sundar, and A. K. Hussein. 2021. “Experimental Investigation of Thermal Performance Characteristics of Sintered Copper Wicked and Grooved Heat Pipes: A Comparative Study.” Journal of Central South University 28 (11): 3507–3520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-021-4871-y.
- Kim, Y., J. Choi, and S. K. Y. Zhang. 2015. “Effects of Mass Transfer Time Relaxation Parameters on Condensation in a Thermosyphon.” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 29 (12): 5497–5505. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-015-1151-5.
- Kim, I. G., K. M. Kim, and Y. S. Jeong. 2017. “Flow Visualisation and Heat Transfer Performance of Annular Thermosyphon Heat Pipe.” Applied Thermal Engineering 125: 1456–1468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.116.
- Lataoui, Z., and A. Jemni. 2017. “Experimental Investigation of a Stainless Steel two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon.” Applied Thermal Engineering 121: 721–727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.135.
- Li, D., Z. Li, Y. Zheng, C. Liu, and A. K. Hussein. 2016. “Thermal Performance of a PCM-Filled Double-Glazing Unit with Different Thermophysical Parameters of PCM.” Solar Energy 133: 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2016.03.039.
- Liu, C., Y. Wul, D. Li, T. Ma, A. K. Hussein, and Y. Zhou. 2017. “Investigation of Thermal and Optical Performance of a Phase Change Material–Filled Double-Glazing Unit.” Journal of Building Physics, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259117708734.
- Liu, Z., J. Zhao, C. Wang, Y. Qin, Y. Wang, and C. Liu. 2022. “Numerical Investigations on the Thermal Performance of two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon with Extended Condenser Surface.” Heat and Mass Transfer 59: 377–392. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-022-03264-5.
- Maghrabie, H. M., A. G. Olabi, A. H. Alami, M. A. Radi, F. Zwayyed, T. Salamah, T. Wilberforce, and M. A. Abdelkareem. 2022. “Numerical Simulation of Heat Pipes in Different Applications.” International Journal of Thermofluids 16: 100199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2022.100199.
- Mishra, I., S. Pragyan, and M. Pandey. 2023. “Numerical Simulation of Solar Parabolic Trough Collector with Helical Grooves Using Cu Nanoparticles.” Materials Today: Proceedings 74: 867–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.11.272.
- Munoz, J., and A. Abanades. 2011. “Analysis of Internal Helically Finned Tubes for Parabolic Trough Design by CFD Tools.” Applied Energy 88 (11): 4139–4149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.04.026.
- Noie, S. H. 2005. “Heat Transfer Characteristics of a two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon.” Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (4): 495–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2004.06.019.
- Olfian, H., S. S. M. Ajarostaghi, and M. Ebrahimnataj. 2020a. “Development on Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors: A Review of the Last Decade Results of Using Nanofluids.” Solar Energy 211: 265–282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.09.056.
- Olfian, H., S. S. M. Ajarostaghi, M. Ebrahimnataj, M. Farhadi, and M. Aricie. 2022. “On the Thermal Performance of Evacuated Tube Solar Collector Integrated with Phase Change Material.” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 53: 102437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102437.
- Olfian, H., S. S. M. Ajarostaghi, M. Ebrahimnataj, M. Farhadi, and A. Ramiar. 2020b. “Melting and Solidification Processes of Phase Change Material in Evacuated Tube Solar Collector with U-Shaped Spirally Corrugated Tube.” Applied Thermal Engineering 182: 116149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.
- Olfian, H., A. Z. Sheshpoli, and S. S. M. Ajarostaghi. 2019. “Numerical Evaluation of the Thermal Performance of a Solar air Heater Equipped with two Different Types of Baffles.” Heat Transfer, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.21656.
- Panduro, E. A. C., F. Finotti, G. Largiller, and K. Y. Lervag. 2022. “A Review of the use of Nanofluids as Heat-Transfer Fluids in Parabolic-Trough Collectors.” Applied Thermal Engineering 211: 118346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118346.
- Riffat, S. B., X. Zhao, and P. S. Doherty. 2005. “Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Operating Characteristics of a “Wickless” Heat Pipe.” International Journal of Ambient Energy 26 (2): 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/01430750.2005.9674977.
- Rizvi, S. A. A., and M. Uzair. 2023. “Numerical Investigation of Solar Flux Homogeneity and Intensity of a Parabolic Trough Receiver with Various Secondary Reflectors.” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 48: 4081–4094. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07372-6.
- Rostami, S., M. Sepehrirad, A. Dezfulizadeh, A. K. Hussein, A. S. Goldanlou, and M. S. Shadloo. 2020. “Exergy Optimization of a Solar Collector in Flat Plate Shape Equipped with Elliptical Pipes Filled with Turbulent Nanofluid Flow: A Study for Thermal Management.” Water 12: 2294. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12082294.
- Saedodin, S., M. Zaboli, and S. S. M. Ajarostaghi. 2021. “Hydrothermal Analysis of Heat Transfer and Thermal Performance Characteristics in a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector with Turbulence-Inducing Elements.” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 46: 101266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2021.101266.
- Shabgard, H., B. Xiao, A. Faghri, R. Gupta, and W. Weissman. 2014. “Thermal Characteristics of a Closed Thermosyphon Under Various Filling Conditions.” Int. J. of Heat and Mass Transfer 70: 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.10.053.
- Shafieian, A., and M. Khiadani. 2020. “Integration of Heat Pipe Solar Water Heating Systems with Different Residential Households: An Energy, Environmental, and Economic Evaluation.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 21: 100662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.100662.
- Tzivanidis, C., E. Bellos, D. Korres, K. A. Antonopoulos, and G. Mitsopoulos. 2015. “Thermal and Optical Efficiency Investigation of a Parabolic Trough Collector.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 6: 226–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2015.10.005.
- Vasiliev, L. L., L. P. Grakovich, M. I. Rabetsky, L.L. Vassiliev Jr, and A.S. Zhuravlyov. 2016. “Thermosyphons with Innovative Technologies”. Applied Thermal Engineering xxx: xxx–xxx. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.101.
- Wang, J. 2009. “Experimental Investigation of the Transient Thermal Performance of a Bent Heat Pipe with Grooved Surface.” Applied Energy 86 (10): 2030–2037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.01.003.
- Wang, X., H. Liua, Y. Wang, and Y. Zhu. 2020. “CFD Simulation of Dynamic Heat Transfer Behaviours in Super-Long Thermosyphons for Shallow Geothermal Application.” Applied Thermal Engineering 174: 115295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115295.
- Wang, X., Y. Wang, H. Chen, and Y. Zhu. 2018. “A Combined CFD/Visualization Investigation of Heat Transfer Behaviours During Geyser Boiling in two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon.” Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer 121: 703–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.01.005.
- Younis, O., A. K. Hussein, M. E. H. Attia, F. L. Rashid, L. Kolsi, U. Biswal, A. Abderrahmane, A. Mourad, and A. Alazzam. 2022. “Hemispherical Solar Still: Recent Advances and Development.” Energy Reports 8: 8236–8258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2022.06.037.
- Zaboli, M., S. S. M. Ajarostaghi, S. Saedodin, and B. Kiani. 2021a. “Hybrid Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector with Inner Helical Axial Fins as Turbulator.” Eur. Phys. J. Plus 136 (8): 841. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-021-01807-z.
- Zaboli, M., S. S. M. Ajarostaghi, S. Saedodin, and M. S. Pour. 2021b. “Thermal Performance Enhancement Using Absorber Tube with Inner Helical Axial Fins in a Parabolic Trough Solar Collector.” Applied Sciences 11: 7423. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167423.
- Zhua, N., and K. Vafaib. 1999. “Analysis of Cylindrical Heat Pipes Incorporating the Effects of Liquid-Vapor Coupling and non-Darcian Transport – a Closed Form Solution.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 42 (18): 3405–3418. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(99)00017-4