Adverse Events in Childhood as a Risk Factor for Elevated BMI among People with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

References

• Aaron, D. J., & Hughes, T. L. (2007). Association of childhood sexual abuse with obesity in a community sample of lesbians. Obesity, 15(4), 1023-1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afifi, T. O., Mota, N., MacMillan, H. L., & Sareen, J. (2013). Harsh physical punishment in childhood and adult physical health. Pediatrics, 132(2), e333-40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alegria, M., Jackson, J., Kessler, R., & Takeuchi, D. (2009). Collaborative psychiatric epidemiology surveys (CPES), 2001–2003. Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center and Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI. http://www.Icpsr.Umich.Edu/CPES/
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez, J., Pavao, J., Baumrind, N., & Kimerling, R. (2007). The relationship between child abuse and adult obesity among California women. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33(1), 28-33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Becker, L. (1999). Effect size calculators. Retrieved from http://www.uccs.edu/∼lbecker/
   Google Scholar
• Bentley, T., & Widom, C. S. (2009). A 30‐year follow‐up of the effects of child abuse and neglect on obesity in adulthood. Obesity, 17(10), 1900-1905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boynton-Jarrett, R., Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J. R., Boggs, D. A., & Wise, L. A. (2012). Child and adolescent abuse in relation to obesity in adulthood: The black women's health study. Pediatrics, 130(2), 245-253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuerda, C., Velasco, C., Merchan-Naranjo, J., Garcia-Peris, P., & Arango, C. (2014). The effects of second-generation antipsychotics on food intake, resting energy expenditure and physical activity. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(2), 146-152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daumit, G. L., Goldberg, R. W., Anthony, C., Dickerson, F., Brown, C. H., Kreyenbuhl, J… ., Dixon, L. B. (2005). Physical activity patterns in adults with severe mental illness. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(10), 641-646.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dempsey, P. C., Owen, N., Biddle, S. J., & Dunstan, D. W. (2014). Managing sedentary behavior to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Current Diabetes Reports, 14(9), 1-11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dipasquale, S., Pariante, C. M., Dazzan, P., Aguglia, E., McGuire, P., & Mondelli, V. (2013). The dietary pattern of patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(2), 197-207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuemmeler, B. F., Dedert, E., McClernon, F. J., & Beckham, J. C. (2009). Adverse childhood events are associated with obesity and disordered eating: Results from a U.S. population‐based survey of young adults. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(4), 329-333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller-Thomson, E., Sinclair, D. A., & Brennenstuhl, S. (2013). Carrying the pain of abuse: Gender-specific findings on the relationship between childhood physical abuse and obesity in adulthood. Obesity Facts, 6(4), 325-336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenfield, E. A., & Marks, N. F. (2009). Violence from parents in childhood and obesity in adulthood: Using food in response to stress as a mediator of risk. Social Science & Medicine, 68(5), 791-798.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurpegui, M., Martínez-Ortega, J. M., Gutiérrez-Rojas, L., Rivero, J., Rojas, C., & Jurado, D. (2012). Overweight and obesity in patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia compared with a non-psychiatric sample. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 37(1), 169-175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haro, J. M., Arbabzadeh‐Bouchez, S., Brugha, T. S., De Girolamo, G., Guyer, M. E., Jin, R…., & Kessler, R. C. (2006). Concordance of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) with standardized clinical assessments in the WHO World Mental Health surveys. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 15(4), 167-180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoang, U., Stewart, R., & Goldacre, M. J. (2011). Mortality after hospital discharge for people with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: Retrospective study of linked English hospital episode statistics, 1999-2006. British Medical Journal, 343
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IBM Corp. Released 2015. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• Inamura, Y., Izumi, T., Sakurai, K., Katsui, T., and Murayama, N. (2012). Dietary factors associated with obesity in patients with schizophrenia living at home. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(10), 1387-1396.
   Google Scholar
• Kale, A., Naphade, N., Sapkale, S., Kamaraju, M., Pillai, A., Joshi, S., & Mahadik, S. (2010). Reduced folic acid, vitamin B 12 and docosahexaenoic acid and increased homocysteine and cortisol in never-medicated schizophrenia patients: implications for altered one-carbon metabolism. Psychiatry research, 175(1), 47-53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keck, P. E., & McElroy, S. L. (2003). Bipolar disorder, obesity, and pharmacotherapy-associated weight gain. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(12), 1426-1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laursen, T. M. (2011). Life expectancy among persons with schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder. Schizophrenia Research, 131(1-3), 101-104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard, B. E., Schwarz, M., & Myint, A. M. (2012). The metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia: is inflammation a contributing cause? Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26(5 suppl), 33-41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leucht, S., Burkard, T., Henderson, J., Maj, M., & Sartorius, N. (2007). Physical illness and schizophrenia: A review of the literature. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 116(5), 317-333.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Limosin, F., Gasquet, I., Leguay, D., Azorin, J., & Rouillon, F. (2008). Body mass index and prevalence of obesity in a french cohort of patients with schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 118(1), 19-25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamun, A. A., Lawlor, D. A., O'Callaghan, M. J., Bor, W., Williams, G. M., & Najman, J. M. (2007). Does childhood sexual abuse predict young adult's BMI? A birth cohort study. Obesity, 15(8), 2103-2110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansur, R. B., Brietzke, E., & McIntyre, R. S. (2015). Is there a “metabolic-mood syndrome”? A review of the relationship between obesity and mood disorders. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 52, 89-104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McElroy, S. L., & Keck Jr, P. E. (2012). Obesity in bipolar disorder: An overview. Current Psychiatry Reports, 14(6), 650-658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre, R. S. (2009). Managing weight gain in patients with severe mental illness. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70(7), e23-e23.
   Google Scholar
• Merrill, R. M., & Richardson, J. S. (2009). Validity of self-reported height, weight, and body mass index: Findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey, 2001–2006. Preventing Chronic Disease, 6(4), A121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midei, A., & Matthews, K. (2011). Interpersonal violence in childhood as a risk factor for obesity: A systematic review of the literature and proposed pathways. Obesity Reviews, 12(5), e159-e172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midei, A. J., Matthews, K. A., & Bromberger, J. T. (2010). Childhood abuse is associated with adiposity in midlife women: Possible pathways through trait anger and reproductive hormones. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(2), 215- 223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasrallah, H. A., Meyer, J. M., Goff, D. C., McEvoy, J. P., Davis, S. M., Stroup, T. S., & Lieberman, J. A. (2006). Low rates of treatment for hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes in schizophrenia: Data from the CATIE schizophrenia trial sample at baseline. Schizophrenia Research, 86(1), 15-22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcomer, J. W. (2006). Medical risk in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67 Suppl 9, 25-30; discussion 36-42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (London, UK). (2014). Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Adults: Treatment and Management.
   Google Scholar
• Newcomer, J. W. (2006). Medical risk in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67 Suppl 9, 25-30; discussion 36-42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry, N. M., Barry, D., Pietrzak, R. H., & Wagner, J. A. (2008). Overweight and obesity are associated with psychiatric disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychosomatic Medicine, 70(3), 288-297.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rabinowitz, J., Levine, S. Z., Garibaldi, G., Bugarski-Kirola, D., Berardo, C. G., & Kapur, S. (2012). Negative symptoms have greater impact on functioning than positive symptoms in schizophrenia: analysis of CATIE data. Schizophrenia Research, 137(1), 147-150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivera, M., Cohen-Woods, S., Kapur, K., Breen, G., Ng, M. Y., Butler, A. W…., & Mors, O. (2012). Depressive disorder moderates the effect of the FTO gene on body mass index. Molecular Psychiatry, 17(6), 604-611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohde, P., Ichikawa, L., Simon, G. E., Ludman, E. J., Linde, J. A., Jeffery, R. W., & Operskalski, B. H. (2008). Associations of child sexual and physical abuse with obesity and depression in middle-aged women. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(9), 878-887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roshanaei-Moghaddam, B., & Katon, W. (2009). Premature mortality from general medical illnesses among persons with bipolar disorder: A review. Psychiatric Services, 60(2), 147-156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saha, S., Chant, D., & McGrath, J. (2007). A systematic review of mortality in schizophrenia: Is the differential mortality gap worsening over time? Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(10), 1123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sideli, L., Mule, A., La Barbera, D., & Murray, R. M. (2012). Do child abuse and maltreatment increase risk of schizophrenia? Psychiatry Investigation, 9 (2), 87-99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, H. A., Markovic, N., Danielson, M. E., Matthews, A., Youk, A., Talbott, E. O…., Hughes, T. (2010). Sexual abuse, sexual orientation, and obesity in women. Journal of Women's Health, 19(8), 1525-1532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soundy, A., Wampers, M., Probst, M., De Hert, M., Stubbs, B., & Vancampfort, D. (2013). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in outpatients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 20(12), 588-596.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, A. W., Grande, E. D., Gill, T. K., Chittleborough, C. R., Wilson, D. H., Adams, R. J…., Ruffin, R. E. (2006). How valid are self-reported height and weight? A comparison between CATI self-report and clinic measurements using a large cohort study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 30(3), 238-246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas, C., Hypponen, E., & Power, C. (2008). Obesity and type 2 diabetes risk in midadult life: The role of childhood adversity. Pediatrics, 121(5), e1240-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vámosi, M. E., Heitmann, B. L., Thinggaard, M., & Kyvik, K. O. (2011). Parental care in childhood and obesity in adulthood: A study among twins. Obesity, 19(7), 1445-1450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma, S. K., Subramaniam, M., & Poon, L. Y. (2009). Metabolic risk factors in drug-naive patients with first-episode psychosis. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70(7), 997-1000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicennati, V., Pasqui, F., Cavazza, C., Garelli, S., Casadio, E., di Dalmazi, G…., & Pasquali, R. (2011). Cortisol, energy intake, and food frequency in overweight/obese women. Nutrition, 27(6), 677-680.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, E. A., Gelfand, A., Katon, W. J., Koss, M. P., Von Korff, M., Bernstein, D., & Russo, J. (1999). Adult health status of women with histories of childhood abuse and neglect. The American Journal of Medicine, 107(4), 332-339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittchen, H. U. (1994). Reliability and validity studies of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): A critical review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 28(1), 57-84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar