Young Children's Video/Computer Game Use: Relations with School Performance and Behavior

REFERENCES

• Achenbach T. M. Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4-18 and 1991 profile. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington, VT 1991
   Google Scholar
• Anderson C. A. An update on the effects of playing violent video games. Journal of Adolescence 2004; 27(1)113–122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson C. A., Berkowitz L., Donnerstein E., Huessman L. R., Johnson J. D., Linz D., Malamuth E., et al. The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2003; 4(3)81–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson C. A., Bushman B. J. Effects of violent video games on aggressive behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arousal, and prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific literature. Psychological Science. 2001; 12: 353–359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson C. A., Dill K. E. Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2000; 78: 772–790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson C. A., Sakamoto A., Gentile D. A., Ihori N., Shibuya A., Yukawa S., Naito M. Longitudinal effects of violent video games on aggression in Japan and the United States. Pediatrics 2008; 122(5)e1067–e1072
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson D. R., Huston A. C., Schmitt K. L., Linebarger D. L., Wright J. C. Early childhood television viewing and adolescent behavior: The recontact study. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 2001; 66: 1–158
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballard M. E., Panee C. D., Engold E. D., Hamby R. H. Brief longitudinal effects of violent videogame play. Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development Conference, Minneapolis, MN, April, 2001
   Google Scholar
• Bandura A. Social learning theory. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1977
   Google Scholar
• Bianchi S. M., Robinson J. What did you do today? Children's use of time, family composition, and the acquisition of social capital. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1997; 59: 332–344
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake C. S., Hamrin V. Current approaches to the assessment and management of anger and aggression in youth: A review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 2007; 20(4)209–221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bushman B. J., Geen R. G. Role of cognitive/emotional mediators and individual differences in the effects of media violence on aggression. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology 1990; 58(1)156–163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnagey N. L., Anderson C. A., Bartholow B. D. Media violence and social neuroscience: New questions and new opportunities. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2007; 16(4)178–182
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carnagey N. L., Anderson C. A., Bushman B. J. The effect of video game violence on physiological desensitization to real violence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 2007; 43: 489–496
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng T. L., Brenner R. A., Wright J. L., Sachs H. C., Moyer P., Rao M. R. Children's violent television viewing: Are parents monitoring?. Pediatrics 2004; 114(1)94–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colwell J. Needs met through computer game play among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences. 2007; 43: 2072–2082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coyne S. M., Archer J. The relationship between indirect and physical aggression on television and in real life. Social Development 2005; 14(2)324–338
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creasey G. L., Myers B. J. Video/computer games and children: Effects on leisure activities, schoolwork, and peer involvement. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. 1986; 32: 251–262
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dill K. E., Dill J. C. Video/computer game violence: A review of the empirical literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 1998; 3: 407–428
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastin M. S. The influence of competitive and cooperative group game play on state hostility. Human Communication Research. 2007; 33: 450–466
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng J., Spence I., Pratt J. Playing an action video game reduces gender differences in spatial cognition. Psychological Science 2007; 18(10)850–855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk J. B. Reevaluating the impact of video games. Clinical Pediatrics 1993; 32(2)86–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk J. B. Children's exposure to violent video games and desensitization to violence. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2005; 14: 387–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Funk J. B., Baldacci H. B., Pasold T., Baumgardner J. Violence exposure in real-life, video games, television, movies, and the internet: Is there desensitization?. Journal of Adolescence 2004; 27: 23–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentile D. A., Lynch P. J., Linder J. R. The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence 2004; 27(1)5–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentile D. A., Walsh D. A. A normative study of family media habits. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2002; 23: 157–178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffiths M. Violent video/computer games and aggression: A review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 1999; 4: 203–212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huesmann L. R. An information processing model for the development of aggression. Aggressive Behavior. 1988; 14: 13–24
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huesmann L. R., Moise-Titus J., Podolski C. L., Eron L. D. Longitudinal relations between children's exposure to TV violence and their aggressive and violent behavior in young adulthood: 1977–1992. Developmental Psychology. 2003; 39: 201–221
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huesmann L. R., Taylor L. D. The role of media violence in violent behavior. Annual Review of Public Health. 2006; 27: 393–415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huston A., Wright J. C., Marquis J., Green S. B. How young children spend their time: Television and other activities. Developmental Psychology. 1999; 35: 912–925
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson M. O. Television violence and its effect on children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 1996; 11(2)94–99
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kafai Y. B. Gender differences in children's construction of video games. Interacting with video, P. M. Greenfield, R. R. Cocking. Ablex, Norwood, NJ 1996; 39–66
   Google Scholar
• Kirsh S. J. The effects of violent video games on adolescents: The overlooked influence of development. Aggression & Violent Behavior. 2003; 8: 377–389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch S. J., Olczak P. V., Mounts J. R. W. Violent video games induce an affect processing bias. Media Psychology 2005; 7: 239–250
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koukounas E., McCabe M. P. Emotional responses to filmed violence and the eye-blink startle response: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2001; 16: 476–488
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronenberger W. G., Mathews V. R., Dunn D. W., Wang Y., Wood E. A., Larsen J. J., et al. Media violence exposure in aggressive and control adolescents: Differences in self- and parent-reported exposure to violence on television and in video games. Aggressive Behavior. 2005; 31: 201–216
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubey R., Larson R. The use and experience of the new video media among children and young adolescents. Communication Research. 1990; 17: 107–130
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine L., Waite B. M. Television viewing and attentional abilities in fourth and fifth grade children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 2000; 21: 667–679
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas K., Sherry J. L. Sex differences in video game play: A communication-based explanation. Communication Research 2004; 31(5)499–523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monsen R. B. Children and the media. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2002; 17(4)309–310
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muscari M. Media violence: Advice for parents. Pediatric Nursing 2002; 28(6)585–591
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paik H., Comstock G. The effects of television violence on antisocial behavior: A meta-analysis. Communication Research 1994; 21: 516–546
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retrieved May 23, 2006, from http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/02–02-2000/0001130778&EDATE= PC Data. (2000, February 2). Console, PC games industry sales top $7.4 billion in 1999. PC Data
   Google Scholar
• Polman H., deCastro B. O., vonAken M. A. Experimental study of the differential effects of playing versus watching violent video games on children's aggressive behavior. Aggressive Behavior 2008; 34(3)256–264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezaiyan A., Mohammadi E., Fallah P. A. Effect of computer game intervention on the attention capacity of mentally retarded children. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2007; 13(5)284–288
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson T. N., Wilde M. L., Navracruz L. C., Haydel K. F., Varady A. Effects of reducing children's television and video game use on aggressive behavior: A randomized control trial. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2001; 155: 17–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosas R., Nussbaum M., Cumsille P., Marianov V., Correa M., Flores P., et al. Beyond Nintendo: Design and assessment of educational video games for first and second grade students. Computers and Education. 2003; 40: 71–94
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenkoetter L. I., Rosenkoetter S. E., Ozretich R. A. Mitigating the harmful effects of violent television. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 2004; 25(1)25–47
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott D. The effect of video/computer games on feelings of aggression. The Journal of Psychology 1995; 129: 121–132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheese B. E., Graziano W. G. Deciding to defect: The effects of video-game violence on cooperative behavior. Psychological Science. 2005; 16: 354–357
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater M. D., Henry K. L., Swaim R. C. Violent media content and aggressiveness in adolescents: A downward spiral model. Communication Research 2003; 30(6)713–736
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strasburger V., Donnerstein E. Children, adolescents, and the media: Issues and solutions. Pediatrics 1999; 103(1)129–139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vessey J. A., Lee J. E. Violent video games affecting our children. Pediatric Nursing 2000; 26(6)607–609
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Villiani S. Impact of media on children and adolescents: A 10-year review of the research. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2001; 40(4)392–401
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walsh D. Testimony submitted to the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Hearing on the impact of interactive violence on children. 2000, Available at: http://www.senate.gov/~commerce/hearings/0321wall.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Wong M. Online gaming subscriptions rise in 2005. March 8, 2006, Retrieved March 10, 2006, from http://www.usatoday.com/tech/gaming/2006-03-08-online-game-subscriptions_x.htm USAToday.com
   Google Scholar
• Yelland N., Lloyd M. Virtual kids of the twenty-first century: Understanding the children in schools today. Information Technology in Childhood Education Annual 2001; 175–192
   Google Scholar