The evolution of post-accession diasporas and diaspora policies after 2004: a comparative analysis of Poland and Lithuania

References

• Anacka, M., and A. Fihel. 2014. “Migracje Powrotne Polaków.” In Dekada członkostwa Polski w UE. Społeczne skutki emigracji Polaków po 2004 roku, edited by M. Lesińska and M. Okólski, 71–85. Warsaw: University of Gdańsk.
   Google Scholar
• Bauman, Z. 2012. Liquid Modernity. Cambridge: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Bhagwati, J. 2003. “Borders Beyond Control.” Foreign Affairs 82 (1): 98–104. doi:10.2307/20033431.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bygnes, S., and M. B. Erdal. 2017. “Liquid Migration, Grounded Lives: Considerations About Future Mobility and Settlement Among Polish and Spanish Migrants in Norway.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43 (1): 102–118. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2016.1211004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bygnes, S., and M. B. Erdal. 2017. “Liquid Migration, Grounded Lives: Considerations About Future Mobility and Settlement Among Polish and Spanish Migrants in Norway.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 43 (1): 102–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1211004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Central Statistical Office of Poland. 2020. Demographic Situation in Poland Up to 2019. International Migration of Population in 2000–2019. Warsaw: Central Statistical Office.
   Google Scholar
• Chałupczak, H., G. Firlit-Fesnak, M. Lesińska, and B. Solga. 2014. “Polityka migracyjna Polski wobec najnowszej emigracji Polaków po 2004 roku.” In Dekada członkostwa Polski w UE. Społeczne skutki emigracji Polaków po 2004 roku, edited by M. Lesinska, M. Okolski, K. Slany, and B. Solga, 307–330. Warsaw: University of Warsaw Press. doi:10.31338/uw.9788323516194.
   Google Scholar
• Chmielewska, I., G. Dobroczek, and P. Strzelecki. 2018. Polish Citizens Working Abroad in 2016: Report of the Survey for The National Bank of Poland. Warsaw: National Bank of Poland.
   Google Scholar
• Council of Ministers of Poland. 2012. “Polityka Migracyjna Polski - Stan Obecny i Postulowane Działania.” https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/index.cfm?action=furl.go&go=/librarydoc/polish-migration-policy-the-current-state-of-play-and-proposed-actions
   Google Scholar
• Drinkwater, S., J. Eade, and M. Garapich. 2009. “Poles Apart? EU Enlargement and the Labour Market Outcomes of Immigrants in the United Kingdom.” International Migration 47 (1): 161–190. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2008.00500.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dufoix, S. 2008. What is a Diaspora?, Diasporas by and S. Dufoix, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press 4–34.
   Google Scholar
• Engbersen, G., E. Snel, and J. De Boom. 2010. “A ‘van Full of Poles’: Liquid Migration from Central and Eastern Europe.” In A Continent Moving West? EU Enlargement and Labour Migration from Central and Eastern Europe, edited by R. Black, G. Engbersen, M. Okólski, and C. Panţîru, 115–140. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Europos Migracjos Tinklas. 2021. “Migration in Numbers” https://123.emn.lt/en/ Accessed 21 September 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ferguson, J. 2010. “The Uses of Neoliberalism.” Antipode 41 (1): 166–184. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2009.00721.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson, J. E., E. Salominaite, and K. Boersma. 2016. “Past, Present and Future: How the Lithuanian Diaspora in the Netherlands Accumulates Human Capital from Social Capital.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42 (13): 2205–2225. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2016.1164590.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiałkowska, K., and M. Szczepański. 2012. “Labour Mobility Within the EU – Impacts of Return Migration.” Working Paper. Dublin: Eurofound.
   Google Scholar
• Fiń, A., A. Legut, W. Nowak, M. Nowosielski, and K. Schöll-Mazurek. 2013. “Polityka Polonijna Wocenie Jej Wykonawców Iadresatów.” IZ Policy Papers 11 (1): 7–93. https://www.iz.poznan.pl/uploads/pracownicy/nowosielski/791_IZ%20PP.11.2013.Polityka%20polonijna.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Friberg, J. H. 2012. “The Stages of Migration. From Going Abroad to Settling Down: Post-Accession Polish Migrant Workers in Norway.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 38 (10): 1589–1605. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2012.711055.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamlen, A. 2006. Diaspora Engagement Policies: What are They, and What Kinds of States Use them?” Centre on Migration, Policy and Society. Vol. 32. Oxford: University of Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Gamlen, A., M. E. Cummings, and P. M. Vaaler. 2019. “Explaining the Rise of Diaspora Institutions.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 (4): 492–516. doi:10.1080/1369183X.2017.1409163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gamlen, A., M. E. Cummings, P. M. Vaaler, and L. Rossouw. 2013. “Explaining the Rise of Diaspora Institutions.” IMI Working Paper 78. Amsterdam: International Migration Institute. www.migrationinstitute.org/publications/wp-78-13
   Google Scholar
• Globalūs regionai. n.d. http://www.globalusregionai.lt/Accessed 20 September 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Government of the Republic of Lithuania. 2006. Ruling “Dėl Lietuvos Respublikos Vyriausybės 2006–2008 metų programos įgyvendinimo priemonių patvirtinimo.” http://e-seimas.lrs.lt/portal/legalAct/lt/TAD/TAIS.284564/QdVgXnUwEf Accessed 20 September 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Grzymała-Kazłowska, A. 2018. “Capturing the Flexibility of Adaptation and Settlement: Anchoring in a Mobile Society.” Mobilities 13 (5): 632–646. doi:10.1080/17450101.2017.1421023.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudelis, D., I. Gečienė, and L. Jakulevičienė. 2012. Lietuvos diasporos potencialo panaudojimas valstybės gerovei kurti: Europos Sąjungos šalių geroji praktika. Vilnius: Mikolo Romerio University.
   Google Scholar
• Gudelis, D., and L. Klimavičiūtė. 2016. “Assessing “Global Lithuania”: The Strengths and Weaknesses of Lithuanian Diaspora Engagement Strategy.” Journal of Baltic Studies 4 (3): 325–348. doi:10.1080/01629778.2015.1127833.
   Google Scholar
• Gudelis, D., and L. Klimavičiūtė. 2020. “Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Lithuanian Citizens Abroad.” In Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond. Comparing Consular Services and Diaspora Policies, edited by J.-M. Lafleur and D. Vintila, 305–320. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Kaczmarczyk, P., and M. Okólski. 2008. “Demographic and Labour-Market Impacts of Migration on Poland.” Oxford Review of Economic Policy 24 (3): 599–624. doi:10.1093/oxrep/grn029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lafleur, J. -M., and D. Vintila. 2020. Migration and Social Protection in Europe and Beyond. Comparing Access to Welfare EntitlementsVol. 1 vols. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Lesińska, M. 2013. “The Dilemmas of Policy Towards Return Migration: The Case of Poland After the EU Accession.” European Migration Review 2 (1): 77–90.
   Google Scholar
• Lesińska, M., and A. Popyk. 2021. “Three Types of Diasporas from Poland, Hungary and Lithuania.” Cmr Spotlight, 2. 25 www.migracje.uw.edu.pl/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Spotlight-February-2021.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Levitt, P., and R. de la Dehesa. 2003. “Transnational Migration and the Redefinition of the State: Variations and Explanations.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 26 (4): 587–611. doi:10.1080/0141987032000087325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Massey, D. S. 1986. “The Settlement Process Among Mexican Migrants to the United States.” American Sociological Review 51 (5): 670–684. doi:10.2307/2095492.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ministry of Education, Science and Sport. 2019. https://www.smm.lt/web/en/?open=243 Accessed 8 March 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of Poland. 2002. “Rządowy Program Współpracy z Polonia i Polakami za Granicą.” www.polonia-gospodarka.com/informacje/rzadowyprogramwspolpracy/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania. 2022. Global Lithuania. https://urm.lt/default/en/global-lithuania. Accessed 9 February 2023.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. 2007. “Rządowy program współpracy z Polonia i Polakami za granicą.” http://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/ad28993a-f211-4db2-8263-c655c928410b
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. 2012. Priorytety Polskiej Polityki Zagranicznej 2012-2016. http://www.msz.gov.pl/resource/aa1c4aec-a52f-45a7-96e5-06658e73bb4e:JCR
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. 2020. “Dzień Polonii i Polaków za granicą.” www.gov.pl/web/dyplomacja/dzien-polonii-i-polakow-za-granica-2020 Accessed 22 September 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Labor and Social Policy. 2007. “Program ‘Return’ 2007.” https://archiwum.mpips.gov.pl/gfx/mpips/userfiles/File/powrot_021007.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T. 1991. “The Limits of the State: Beyond Statist Approaches and Their Critics.” The American Political Science Review 85 (1): 77–96. doi:10.2307/1962879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moriarty, E., J. Wickham, J. Salomonska, T. Krings, and A. Bobek. 2010. “Putting Work Back in Mobilities: Migrant Careers and Aspirations.” Paper presented at the “New Migrations, New Challenges” Conference, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, July.
   Google Scholar
• Moskal, M. 2011. “Transnationalism and the Role of Family and Children in Intra-European Labour Migration.” European Societies 13 (1): 29–50. doi:10.1080/14616696.2010.49722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowak, W., and M. Nowosielski. 2018. “The State, Diaspora Policy and Immigrant Organizations-Lessons from the Polish Case the State, Diaspora Policy and Immigrant Organizations – Lessons from the Polish Case.” Yearbook of the Institute of East-Central Europe 16 (5): 159–176.
   Google Scholar
• Nowosielski, M., and W. Nowak. 2017. “Między Wschodem a Zachodem – Geograficzne Ukierunkowanie Polityki Polonijnej i Jego Przemiany w Latach 1989–2017.” Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 15 (1): 139–158.
   Google Scholar
• Office for National Statistics of the UK. 2019. http://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/livebirths/datasets/parentscountryofbirth. Accessed 22 September 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Østergaard-Nielsen, E. 2016. “Sending Countries Policies.” In Integration Processes and Policies in Europe: Contexts, Levels and Actors, edited by B. Garcés-Mascareñas and P. Rinus, 147–165. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Piore, M. J. 1980. Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ragazzi, F. 2009. “Governing Diasporas.” International Political Sociology 3 (4): 378–397. doi:10.1111/j.1749-5687.2009.00082.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ragazzi, F. 2014. “A Comparative Analysis of Diaspora Policies.” Political Geography 41: 74–89. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2013.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Renkuosilietuva.Lt. n.d. “I Choose Lithuania.” https://www.renkuosilietuva.lt/lt/ Accessed 8 March 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Ryan, L. 2015. “Another Year and Another year:” Polish Migrants in London Extending the Stay Over Time. London: Middlesex University.
   Google Scholar
• Sheffer, G. 2003. Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Sime, D. 2018. “Belonging and Ontological Security Among Eastern European Migrant Parents and Their Children.” Central and Eastern European Migration Review 7 (1): 35–53. doi:10.17467/ceemr.2018.05.
   Google Scholar
• Sipavičienė, A., V. Gaidys, and M. Dobrynina. 2009. Grįžtamoji migracija: teorinės ižvalgos ir situacija Lietuvoje. Vilnius: Europos Migracijos Tinklas Tarptautinė Migracijos Organizacija Socialinių Tyrimų Institutas.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Norway. 2020. https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/09817/tableViewLayout2/Accessed 22 September 2021.
   Google Scholar
• Szczepański, M. 2010. “Analiza Polityki Państwa Wobec Migracji Powrotnych. Przypadek Polski.” In Polityka państwa wobec migracji powrotnych własnych obywateli. Teoria i praktyka, edited by M. Lesińska, 16–38. Warsaw: University of Warsaw.
   Google Scholar
• UK Home Office. 2021. Immigration Statistics. Citizenship Summary Tables, Year Ending June. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistical-data-sets/immigration-statistics-data-tables-year-ending-june-2021#citizenship Accessed 22 September.
   Google Scholar
• Waterbury, M. A. 2017. “National Minorities in an Era of Externalization: Kin-State Citizenship, European Integration, and Ethnic Hungarian Minority Politics.” Problems of Post-Communism 64 (5): 228–241. doi:10.1080/10758216.2016.1251825.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinar, A. 2017. “Introduction.” In Emigration and Diaspora Policies in the Age of Mobility, edited by A. Weinar, 1–12. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56342-8_1.
   Google Scholar
• Weiner, M. 1986. “Labour migrations as Incipient Diasporas.” In Modern Diasporas in International Politics, edited by G. Scheffer, 47–74. London: Croom Helm.
   Google Scholar
• White, A., and I. Grabowska. 2019. “Social Remittances and Social Change in Central and Eastern Europe: Embedding Migration in the Study of Society.” Central and Eastern European Migration Review 8 (1): 33–50. doi:10.17467/ceemr.2019.05.
   Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2019. Personal Remittances Received –. Poland, Lithuania. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.TRF.PWKR.DT.GD.ZS?locations=PL-LT.
   Google Scholar
• Zagorskienė, J. 2021. Grįžtamosios migracijos situacija Lietuvoje ir ją lemiančios priežastys. Klaipeda: Klaipeda University.
   Google Scholar