Folic Acid Supplementation Adversely Affects Chemosensitivity of Colon Cancer Cells to 5-fluorouracil

References

• Shane B: Folate chemistry and metabolism. In: Folate in Health and Disease. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010, pp. 1–24.
   Google Scholar
• Kim YI: Folic acid supplementation and cancer risk: point. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17, 2220–2225, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller JW and Ulrich CM: Folic acid and cancer—where are we today? Lancet 381, 974–976, 2013. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60110-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulrich CM: Folate and cancer prevention—where to next? Counterpoint. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17, 2226–2230, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YI: Folate and colorectal cancer: an evidence-based critical review. Mol Nutr Food Res 51, 267–292, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cravo ML, Mason JB, Dayal Y, Hutchinson M, Smith D, et al.: Folate deficiency enhances the development of colonic neoplasia in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. Cancer Res 52, 5002–5006, 1992.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YI, Salomon RN, Graeme-Cook F, Choi SW, Smith DE, et al.: Dietary folate protects against the development of macroscopic colonic neoplasia in a dose responsive manner in rats. Gut 39, 732–740, 1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song J, Medline A, Mason JB, Gallinger S, and Kim YI: Effects of dietary folate on intestinal tumorigenesis in the ApcMin mouse. Cancer Res 60, 5434–5440, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Song J, Sohn KJ, Medline A, Ash C, Gallinger S, et al.: Chemopreventive effects of dietary folate on intestinal polyps in Apc+/-Msh2-/- mice. Cancer Res 60, 3191–3199, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindzon GM, Medline A, Sohn KJ, Depeint F, Croxford R, et al.: Effect of folic acid supplementation on the progression of colorectal aberrant crypt foci. Carcinogenesis 30, 1536–1543, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deghan Manshadi S, Ishiguro L, Sohn KJ, Medline A, Renlund R, et al.: Folic acid supplementation promotes mammary tumor progression in a rat model. PLoS ONE 9, e84635, 2014. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faber S, Cutler EC, Hawkins JW, Harrison JH, Peirce EC, et al.: The action of pteroylglutamic conjugates on man. Science 106, 619–621, 1947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinle RW and Welch AD: Experiments with pteroylglutamic acid and pteroylglutamic acid deficiency in human leukemia. J Clin Invest 27, 539, 1948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farber S, Diamond LK, Mercer RD, Sylvester RF, and Wolff VA: Temporary remission of acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl glutamic acid (aminopterin). N Engl J Med 238, 787–793, 1948.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole BF, Baron JA, Sandler RS, Haile RW, Ahnen DJ, et al.: Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 297, 2351–2359, 2007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueiredo JC, Grau MV, Haile RW, Sandler RS, Summers RW, et al.: Folic acid and risk of prostate cancer: results from a randomized clinical trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 101, 432–435, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebbing M, Bonaa KH, Nygard O, Arnesen E, Ueland PM, et al.: Cancer incidence and mortality after treatment with folic acid and vitamin B12. JAMA 302, 2119–2126, 2009. doi: 10.1001/jama.2009.1622.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueiredo JC, Mott LA, Giovannucci E, Wu K, Cole B, et al.: Folic acid and prevention of colorectal adenomas: a combined analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int J Cancer 129, 192–203, 2011. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarke R, Halsey J, Lewington S, Lonn E, Armitage J, et al.: Effects of lowering homocysteine levels with B vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality: meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37 485 individuals. Arch Intern Med 170, 1622–1631, 2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollset SE, Clarke R, Lewington S, Ebbing M, Halsey J, et al.: Effects of folic acid supplementation on overall and site-specific cancer incidence during the randomised trials: meta-analyses of data on 50,000 individuals. Lancet 381, 1029–1036, 2013. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62001-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longley DB, Harkin DP, and Johnston PG: 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer 3, 330–338, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backus HH, Pinedo HM, Wouters D, Padron JM, Molders N, et al.: Folate depletion increases sensitivity of solid tumor cell lines to 5-fluorouracil and antifolates. Int J Cancer 87, 771–778, 2000.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tucker JM, Davis C, Kitchens ME, Bunni MA, Priest DG, et al.: Response to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy is modified by dietary folic acid deficiency in Apc(Min/+) mice. Cancer Lett 187, 153–162, 2002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooijberg JH, Peters GJ, Assaraf YG, Kathmann I, Priest DG, et al.: The role of multidrug resistance proteins MRP1, MRP2 and MRP3 in cellular folate homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol 65, 765–771, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooijberg JH, de Vries NA, Kaspers GJ, Pieters R, Jansen G, et al.: Multidrug resistance proteins and folate supplementation: therapeutic implications for antifolates and other classes of drugs in cancer treatment. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 58, 1–12, 2006. doi: 10.1007/s00280-005-0141-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey RL, Dodd KW, Gahche JJ, Dwyer JT, McDowell MA, et al.: Total folate and folic acid intake from foods and dietary supplements in the United States: 2003–2006. Am J Clin Nutr 91, 231–237, 2010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colapinto CK, O'Connor DL, and Tremblay MS: Folate status of the population in the Canadian Health Measures Survey. CMAJ 183, E100–6, 2011. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.100568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeiffer CM, Hughes JP, Lacher DA, Bailey RL, Berry RJ, et al.: Estimation of trends in serum and RBC folate in the U.S. population from pre- to postfortification using assay-adjusted data from the NHANES 1988–2010. J Nutr 142, 886–893, 2012. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.156919.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Lentino CV, Dwyer JT, Engel JS, et al.: Dietary supplement use in the United States, 2003–2006. J Nutr 141, 261–266, 2011. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.133025.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giovannucci E and Chan AT: Role of vitamin and mineral supplementation and aspirin use in cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 28, 4081–4085, 2010. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.27.3219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velicer CM and Ulrich CM: Vitamin and mineral supplement use among US adults after cancer diagnosis: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol 26, 665–673, 2008. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.5905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandler RS, Halabi S, Kaplan EB, Baron JA, Paskett E, et al.: Use of vitamins, minerals, and nutritional supplements by participants in a chemoprevention trial. Cancer 91, 1040–1045, 2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenlee H, White E, Patterson RE, and Kristal AR: Supplement use among cancer survivors in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study cohort. J Altern Complement Med 10, 660–666, 2004. doi: 10.1089/acm.2004.10.660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satia JA, Campbell MK, Galanko JA, James A, Carr C, et al.: Longitudinal changes in lifestyle behaviors and health status in colon cancer survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13, 1022–1031, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmes RS, Zheng Y, Baron JA, Li L, McKeown-Eyssen G, et al.: Use of folic acid-containing supplements after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the colon cancer family registry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19, 2023–2034, 2010. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-1097.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim SE, Cole PD, Cho RC, Ly A, Ishiguro L, et al.: ϒ-Glutamyl hydrolase modulation and folate influence chemosensitivity of cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate. Br J Cancer 109, 2175–2188, 2013. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2013.579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Natioanl Research Council: Nutrient requirements of the laboratory rat. In: Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals (4th revised ed.). Wasington, DC: National Academy Press, 1995, pp. 11–79.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine: Folate. In: Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin,Rroboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998, pp. 196–305.
   Google Scholar
• Bras-Goncalves RA, Pocard M, Formento JL, Poirson-Bichat F, De Pinieux G, et al.: Synergistic efficacy of 3n-butyrate and 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal cancer xenografts via modulation of DNA synthesis. Gastroenterology 120, 874–888, 2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomayko MM and Reynolds CP: Determination of subcutaneous tumor size in athymic (nude) mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 24, 148–154, 1989.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey SW and Ayling JE: The extremely slow and variable activity of dihydrofolate reductase in human liver and its implications for high folic acid intake. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106, 15424–15429, 2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sowers R, Toguchida J, Qin J, Meyers PA, Healey JH, et al.: mRNA expression levels of E2F transcription factors correlate with dihydrofolate reductase, reduced folate carrier, and thymidylate synthase mRNA expression in osteosarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2, 535–541, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews RG and Daubner SC: Modulation of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity by S-adenosylmethionine and by dihydrofolate and its polyglutamate analogues. Adv Enzyme Regul 20, 123–131, 1982.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nijhout HF, Reed MC, Budu P, and Ulrich CM: A mathematical model of the folate cycle: new insights into folate homeostasis. J Biol Chem 279, 55008–55016, 2004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotsopoulos J, Medline A, Renlund R, Sohn KJ, Martin R, et al.: Effects of dietary folate on the development and progression of mammary tumors in rats. Carcinogenesis 26, 1603–1612, 2005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotsopoulos J, Sohn KJ, Martin R, Choi M, Renlund R, et al.: Dietary folate deficiency suppresses N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. Carcinogenesis 24, 937–944, 2003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaa KH, Njolstad I, Ueland PM, Schirmer H, Tverdal A, et al.: Homocysteine lowering and cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 354, 1578–1588, 2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebbing M, Bleie O, Ueland PM, Nordrehaug JE, Nilsen DW, et al.: Mortality and cardiovascular events in patients treated with homocysteine-lowering B vitamins after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 300, 795–804, 2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim YI, Baik HW, Fawaz K, Knox T, Lee YM, et al.: Effects of folate supplementation on two provisional molecular markers of colon cancer: a prospective, randomized trial. Am J Gastroenterol 96, 184–195, 2001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lonn E, Yusuf S, Arnold MJ, Sheridan P, Pogue J, et al.: Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med 354, 1567–1577, 2006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolpin BM, Wei EK, Ng K, Meyerhardt JA, Chan JA, et al.: Prediagnostic plasma folate and the risk of death in patients with colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 26, 3222–3228, 2008. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.16.1943.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheradame S, Etienne MC, Formento P, Schneider M, Dassonville O, et al.: Tumoral-reduced folates and clinical resistance to fluorouracil-based treatment in head and neck cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 15, 2604–2610, 1997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branda RF, Nigels E, Lafayette AR, and Hacker M: Nutritional folate status influences the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in rats. Blood 92, 2471–2476, 1998.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitz JC, Stuart RK, and Priest DG: Disposition of folic acid and its metabolites: a comparison with leucovorin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 55, 501–508, 1994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar